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Full Description
The ongoing conflict in Western Sahara is one of the more intractable legacies of European colonization in North Africa. Following the withdrawal of Spain, this territorial dispute escalated in 1975 into a war of independence between the Sahrawi people of the Polisario Front, who were backed by Algeria, and the states of Mauritania and Morocco. In 1976, the Polisario Front established the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, which was not admitted in the UN but won recognition by a few states. After multiple peace efforts, the conflict reemerged in 2005 as the "independence Intifada." Today, the Polisario Front controls about 20% of Western Sahara. At the heart of the conflict lie geopolitical interests and incompatible claims aggravated by the use of military force and decades of mostly unproductive diplomatic maneuvers by international bodies and regional or foreign powers.
This thorough, impartial survey brings together some of the best experts on the Sahara question to provide a broad-based analysis of the problem, from a range of perspectives. Featuring new research, the chapters examine the roots of the conflict, its dynamics, and potential solutions. This groundbreaking text also addresses questions of law, human rights, natural resources from an analytical point of view. Contributed by scholars from North Africa, Europe, and the U.S., it is an essential contribution to the literature of Middle East and African studies.
Contents
Introduction
Part I. Setting the Context
1. A History of the Conflict in Western Sahara
Osama Abi-Mershed and Adam Farrar
2. The Identity Question: Who are the Sahrawis and What is Their 'Home'?
Joshua Castellino and Elvira Domínguez-Redondo
Part II. The Background for the Current Impasse
3. Moroccan Saharan Policy
I William Zartman
4. The Emergence and Politics of the Polisario Front
Stephen J. King
5. The Algerian Foreign Policy on Western Sahara
Laurence Aïda Ammour
6. The Evolving Role of the United Nations: The Impossible Dual Track?
Jacques Roussellier
7. Diplomatic struggle in Africa and Europe over the Western Sahara Conflict
Antonin Tisseron
8. The Evolution of US and Moroccan Policy on Western Sahara: From Conflict to Cooperation
Ambassador Edward M. Gabriel & Robert M. Holley
Part III. Dynamics of Optimal Solutions
9. Dynamics of Intergroup Conflicts in the Western Sahara
Anouar Boukhars
10. Self-Determination for Western Sahara: The Evolution of a Concept
Samuel J. Spector
11. The Use and Development of Natural Resources in Non-Self-Governing Territories
Glynn Torres-Spelliscy
12. Refugees, Humanitarian Aid, and the Displacement Impasse in Sahrawi Camps
Aomar Boum
13. Western Sahara: a Conflict on the Fringes of New Regional Dynamics
Dr. Khadija Mohsen-Finan
14. Conclusion
Dr. J. Peter Pham
