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基本説明
This up-to-date book presents basic concepts and recent advances in amino acid biochemistry and nutrition, providing comprehensive coverage of developments over the past 45 years.
Full Description
Amino acid biochemistry and nutrition spans a broad range of fields including biochemistry, metabolism, physiology, immunology, reproduction, pathology, and cell biology. In the last half-century, there have been many conceptual and technical advancements, from analysis of amino acids by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to molecular cloning of transporters for amino acids and small peptides. Amino Acids: Biochemistry and Nutrition presents comprehensive coverage of these scientific developments, providing a useful reference for students and researchers in both biomedicine and agriculture.
The text begins with the discoveries and basic concepts of amino acids, peptides, and proteins, and then moves to protein digestion and absorption of peptides and amino acids. Additional chapters cover cell-, tissue-, and species-specific synthesis and catabolism of amino acids and related nitrogenous substances, as well as the use of isotopes to study amino acid metabolism in cells and the body. The book also details protein synthesis and degradation, regulation of amino acid metabolism, physiological functions of amino acids, and inborn errors of amino acid metabolism. The final chapter discusses dietary requirements of amino acids by humans and other animals.
While emphasizing basic principles and classical concepts of amino acid biochemistry and nutrition, the author includes recent progress in the field. This book also provides concise coverage of major historical developments of the scientific discipline, so that readers will appreciate the past, understand the current state of the knowledge, and explore the future of the field. Each chapter contains select references to provide comprehensive reviews and original experimental data on the topics discussed.
Contents
Discovery and Chemistry of Amino Acids
Definition and Nomenclature of AA
Discovery of AA
Chemical Properties of AA
Protein Digestion and Absorption of Peptides and Amino Acids
Classification and Content of Protein in Diets
Definitions of Digestion and Absorption
Protein Digestion and Absorption of Peptides and AA in Monogastric Animals
Protein Digestion and Absorption of Peptides and AA in Ruminants
Synthesis of Amino Acids
Synthesis of AA in Tissues and Cells of Animals Including Humans
General Pathways for Synthesis of AA in Animal Cells
Specific Pathways for Synthesis of AA in Animal Cells
Pathways for Synthesis of AA in Microorganisms
Synthesis of D-AA in Animal Cells and Bacteria
Conversion of D-AA to l-AA in Animal Cells and Bacteria
Degradation of Amino Acids
General Characteristics of AA Degradation in Animal Cells
Pathways for Degradation of AA in Animal Cells
Catabolism of D-AA in Animal Cells
Catabolism of L-AA and D-AA in Microorganisms
Synthesis and Catabolism of Special Nitrogenous Substances from Amino Acids
Production of Dipeptides Consisting of Histidine or Its Methylated Derivatives
Synthesis and Degradation of GSH
Production of Gly-Pro-Hydroxyproline
Synthesis and Catabolism of Polyamines
Synthesis and Utilization of Creatine
Synthesis and Catabolism of L-Carnitine
Synthesis and Catabolism of Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotides
Heme Synthesis and Catabolism
Synthesis and Catabolism of Histamine
Synthesis and Catabolism of Catecholamines, Thyroid Hormones, and Melanin
Synthesis and Catabolism of Serotonin and Melatonin
Synthesis and Catabolism of D-Glucosamine and Glycosaminoglycans
Conjugation Products for Excretion
Synthesis of Urea and Uric Acid
Ammonia Production and Toxicity in Animals
Urea Production in Mammals
Uric Acid Synthesis
Comparisons between Uric Acid and Urea Synthesis
Use of Isotopes for Studying Amino Acid Metabolism
Basic Concepts about Isotopes
Interpretation of Data from Isotope Experiments
Potential Pitfalls of Isotopic Studies
Protein Synthesis
Historical Perspectives of Protein Synthesis Pathway
Pathways of Protein Synthesis in the Cytoplasm and Mitochondria
Biochemical Characteristics and Significance of Protein Synthesis
Measurements of Protein Synthesis
Intracellular Protein Degradation
Historical Perspectives of Intracellular Protein Degradation
Proteases (Peptidases) for Intracellular Protein Degradation
Intracellular Proteolytic Pathways
Characteristics and Physiological Significance of Intracellular Protein Degradation
Measurements of Intracellular Protein Degradation
Regulation of Amino Acid Metabolism
Basic Concepts in Metabolism
Effects of Nutritional and Physiological Factors on AA Metabolism
Physiological Functions of Amino Acids
Roles of AA in Peptide Synthesis
Roles of AA for Synthesis of Nonpeptide Molecules
Regulatory Roles of AA in Food Intake, Nutrient Metabolism, and Gene Expression
Roles for AA in the Immune Response
Use of AA in Nutrition, Therapy, and Health
Efficacy and Safety of Dietary AA Supplementation
Inborn Errors of Amino Acid Metabolism
Inherited Diseases Resulting from Disorders of AA Metabolism
Treatment of Inborn Errors of AA Metabolism
Dietary Requirements of Amino Acids
Historical Perspectives of Dietary AA Requirements
Determination of AA Requirements
Assessment of Dietary Protein Quality
Index
