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Full Description
Offering indispensable insight from experts in the field, Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing, Second Edition provides an introduction to the gas industry and the processes required to convert wellhead gas into valuable natural gas and hydrocarbon liquids products. The authors compile information from the literature, meeting proceedings, and their own work experiences to give an accurate picture of where gas processing technology stands today as well as to highlight relatively new technologies that could become important in the future. The second edition of this bestselling text reflects important advances in gas processing technologies, including those related to liquefied natural gas (LNG).New to the Second EditionBackground information in five new chapters that cover processing principles, pumps, heat transfer, separation processes, and phase separation equipmentMore discussions of many gas processesQuestions and exercises at the end of most chapters to stress important concepts To help nonengineers understand the technical issues, the first part of the text presents an overview of the basic concepts. The topics covered in this part are applicable throughout the gas, oil, and chemical industries. The second part addresses each step of natural gas processing, with a focus on gas plant processes. The chapters in this section follow the gas stream, from gas bought at the wellhead to gas entering the marketplace. Wherever possible, the authors examine the advantages, limitations, and ranges of applicability of the processes so that their selection and integration into the overall gas plant can be fully understood. For readers without a background in chemical engineering or who are just entering the field, this book offers a thorough introduction to the natural gas industry. It also helps those in the gas industry better understand how their products and services fit into the overall process.
Contents
Processing PrinciplesIntroductionUnits and ConversionsBasic Chemistry ConceptsSpecification Test MethodsThermodynamicsPumpsIntroduction Pump FundamentalsCentrifugal PumpsReciprocating PumpsRotary PumpsPump ComparisonsHeat TransferIntroduction Modes of Heat TransferCooling and Heating SourcesHeat Exchanger TypesReboilersSeparation ProcessesIntroduction DistillationAbsorptionColumn InternalsAdsorptionMembranesPhase Separation EquipmentGas-Liquid SeparatorsFilter Separators and Coalescing FiltersCyclone SeparatorsLiquid-Liquid SeparatorsResidence Time for Various Separator ApplicationsFiltersOverview of the Natural Gas IndustryIntroduction Sources of Natural GasComposition of Natural GasClassificationPrincipal Products and MarketsProduct SpecificationsCombustion CharacteristicsOverview of Gas Plant ProcessingRoles of Gas PlantsPlant ProcessesImportant Support ComponentsContractual Agreements and EconomicsOperational MeasuresField Operations and Inlet ReceivingIntroduction Field OperationsGas HydratesInlet ReceivingSafety and Environmental ConsiderationsCompressionIntroduction FundamentalsDriversCompressor TypesCapacity and Power CalculationsComparison of Reciprocating and Centrifugal CompressorsSafety and Environmental ConsiderationsGas TreatingIntroduction Solvent Absorption ProcessesPhysical AbsorptionAdsorptionCryogenic FractionationMembranesNonregenerable Hydrogen Sulfide ScavengersBiological ProcessesSafety and Environmental ConsiderationsGas DehydrationIntroduction Water Content of HydrocarbonsGas Dehydration ProcessesSafety and Environmental ConsiderationsHydrocarbon RecoveryIntroduction Process ComponentsLiquids Removal ProcessesSafety and Environmental ConsiderationsNitrogen RejectionIntroduction Nitrogen Rejection for Gas UpgradingNitrogen Rejection for Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Cryogenic DistillationSafety and Environmental ConsiderationsTrace Component Recovery or RemovalIntroduction HeliumMercuryBenzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and XylenesLiquids ProcessingIntroduction Condensate ProcessingNGL ProcessingSafety and Environmental ConsiderationsAcid Gas Processing and DisposalIntroduction Properties of SulfurSulfur Recovery ProcessesSulfur StorageAcid Gas DisposalSafety and Environmental ConsiderationsTransportation and StorageIntroduction GasLiquidsLiquefied Natural GasIntroduction Gas Treating before LiquefactionLiquefaction CyclesStorage of LNGTransportationRegasification and Cold Utilization of LNGEconomicsSafety and Environmental ConsiderationsCapital Costs of Gas Processing FacilitiesIntroduction Basic Premises for All Plant Component Cost DataAmine TreatingGlycol DehydrationNGL Recovery with Straight Refrigeration (Low Ethane Recovery)NGL Recovery with Cryogenic Processing (High Ethane Recovery) and Nitrogen RejectionSulfur Recovery and Tail Gas CleanupNGL Extraction Plant Costs for Larger FacilitiesCorrections to Cost DataNatural Gas Processing PlantsIntroduction Plant with Sweet Gas Feed and 98% Ethane RecoveryPlant with Sour Gas Feed, NGL, and Sulfur RecoveryPlant with Sour Gas Feed, NGL Recovery, and Nitrogen RejectionAppendix A: Glossary of Gas Process TerminologyAppendix B: Physical Constants and Physical PropertiesAuthor IndexSubject IndexDiscussion Questions, Exercises, References, and Web Sites appear at the end of most chapters.
