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基本説明
This timely and innovative book is the first to offer a much-needed synthesis of recent advances in the exciting field of the evolution and extinction of fossil insular placental mammals. It provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on fossil island mammals worldwide, ranging from the Oligocene to the onset of the Holocene. This accessible and richly illustrated textbook is written for graduate level students and professional researchers in evolutionary biology, palaeontology, biogeography, zoology, and ecology.
Full Description
Evolution on islands differs in a number of important ways from evolution on mainland areas. Over millions of years of isolation, exceptional and sometimes bizarre mammals evolved on islands, such as pig-sized elephants and hippos, giant rats and gorilla-sized lemurs that would have been formidable to their mainland ancestors. This timely and innovative book is the first to offer a much-needed synthesis of recent advances in the exciting field of the evolution and extinction of fossil insular placental mammals. It provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on fossil island mammals worldwide, ranging from the Oligocene to the onset of the Holocene. The book addresses evolutionary processes and key aspects of insular mammal biology, exemplified by a variety of fossil species. The authors discuss the human factor in past extinction events and loss of insular biodiversity. This accessible and richly illustrated textbook is written for graduate level students and professional researchers in evolutionary biology, palaeontology, biogeography, zoology, and ecology.
Contents
Preface. Part I Beyond the Mainland. 1 Introduction. 2 History of Island Studies. 3 Factors that Influence Island Faunas. Types of Islands. Dispersals to Islands. The Candidate Species. Composition of Island Faunas. Part II The Islands and Their Faunas. 4 Cyprus. Geology and Palaeogeography Historical Palaeontology. Biozones and Faunal Units. 5 Crete. Geology and Palaeogeography. Historical Palaeontology. Biozones and Faunal Units. 6 Gargano. Geology and Palaeogeography. Historical Palaeontology. Biozones and Faunal Units. 7 Sicily. Geology and Palaeogeography. Historical Palaeontology. Biozones and Faunal Units. 8 Malta. Geology and Palaeogeography. Historical Palaeontology. Biozones and Faunal Units. 9 Sardinia and Corsica. Geology and Palaeogeography. Historical Palaeontology. Biozones and Faunal Units. 10 The Balearic Islands. Geology and Palaeogeography. Historical Palaeontology. Biozones and Faunal Units. 11 Madagascar. Geology and Palaeogeography. Historical Palaeontology. Biozones and Faunal Units. 12 Java. Geology and Palaeogeography. Historical Palaeontology. Biozones and Faunal Units. 13 Flores. Geology and Palaeogeography. Historical Palaeontology. Biozones and Faunal Units. 14 Sulawesi. Geology and Palaeogeography. Historical Palaeontology. Biozones and Faunal Units. 15 The Philippines. Geology and Palaeogeography. Historical Palaeontology. Biozones and Faunal Units. 16 Japan. Geology and Palaeogeography. Historical Palaeontology. Biozones and Faunal Units. 17 The Southern and Central Ryukyu Islands. Geology and Palaeogeography. Historical Palaeontology. Biozones and Faunal Units. 18 The Californian Channel Islands. Geology and Palaeogeography. Historical Palaeontology. Biozones and Faunal Units. 19 The West Indies. Geology and Palaeogeography. Historical Palaeontology. Biozones and Faunal Units. Part III Species and Processes. 20 Elephants, Mammoths, Stegodons and Mastodons. Distribution and Range. Dispersals. Taxonomic Confusions. Common Morphological Traits. Other Common Trends. 21 Rabbits, Hares and Pikas. Distribution and Range. Common Morphological Traits. Other Common Trends. Dispersal of Lagomorphs. 22 Rats, Dormice, Hamsters, Caviomorphs and other Rodents. Distribution and Range. Common Morphological Traits. Remark on Taphonomy. 23 Insectivores and Bats. Distribution and Range. Common Morphological Traits. 24 Cervids and Bovids. Distribution and Range. Common Morphological Traits. Taxonomic Confusions. 25 Hippopotamuses and Pigs. Distribution and Range. Common Morphological Traits. Taxonomic Confusions. 26 Carnivores. Distribution and Range. Common Morphological Traits. Taxonomic Confusions. 27 Patterns and Trends. Dwarfism and Gigantism. Increased Size Variation. Shorter Limbs and Stiff Joints. Increased Grinding Force. Neurological Changes. Changes in Metabolism. 28 Evolutionary Processes in Island Environments. Types of Speciation on Islands. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors. 29 Extinction of Insular Endemics. Natural Disasters. Disappearance of the Island. Competition by New Species. Effects of Exotic Predators. Transmission of Diseases. Habitat Loss. Hunting to Extinction. References. Index.
