基本説明
Provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution and issue surrounding portrayals of social groups within the mass media of the United States.
Full Description
Diversity in U.S. Mass Media provides comprehensive coverage of the evolution and issues surrounding portrayals of social groups within the mass media of the United States.Focuses on past and current mass media representations of social groupsProvides an overview of key theories that have guided research in mass media representations and stereotypingDiscusses the impact new media has on representation and how technology is giving a new voice to various social groupsIncludes a chapter on how mass media industries are addressing diversity, complete with specially-commissioned interviews with media professionalsOffers helpful supplementary features such as a glossary, questions for reflection, suggestions for projects related to diversity in mass media, and online resources for both instructors and studentsAccompanying website provides a glossary, links to related sites, recommendations of films to watch in the classroom, ideas for research projects, and an instructor's manual with sample syllabi
Contents
Preface xi 1: Introduction 1Social Identity 3Racial/Ethnic Identity 4Gender Identity 5Sexual Identity 7Age Identity 7Disability Identity 8Class Identity 9Organization of Book 9Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 11Notes 112: Theoretical Foundations of Research in Mass Media Representations 13Mass Media Representations: Social Psychological Perspectives 14Framing 14Social Comparison Theory 17Socialization 18Cultivation Theory 20Media Representations: Critical Perspectives 22Hegemony 23The Concept of Representation 24Feminist Theory 25Three Waves of Feminism 28Concluding Remarks 29Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 29Notes 303: Representations of Native Americans 33Historical Background to Native American Representations 34Native Americans in Film 36Native Americans in Entertainment Television 42Representation of Native Americans in the News 46Native Americans and New Media 51Concluding Remarks 52Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 53Notes 544: Representations of African Americans 56Historical Background to African American Representations 57African Americans in Film 58African Americans in Entertainment Television 64African American Music 68Representation of African Americans in the News 69African Americans and Advertisements 75African Americans in the Media Business 76Concluding Remarks 78Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 79Notes 795: Representations of Hispanics 83Historical Background to Hispanic Representations 84Hispanics in Film 86Hispanics in Entertainment Television 89Spanish-language Programs in the United States 93Hispanics and Radio 95Representation of Hispanics in the News 95Spanish-language Newspapers in the United States 97Spanish-language Magazines in the United States 101Hispanics in Advertising 102Hispanics and New Media 102Concluding Remarks 103Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 104Notes 1056: Representations of Arabs/Arab Americans 108Historical Background to Arab/Arab American Representations 109Arabs/Arab Americans in Film 111Arabs/Arab Americans in Entertainment Television 117Representation of Arabs/Arab Americans in the News 121Concluding Remarks 126Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 128Notes 1287: Representations of Asians/Asian Americans 130Historical Background to Asian/Asian American Representations 131Asians/Asian Americans in Film 132Asians/Asian Americans in Entertainment Television 140Representation of Asians/Asian Americans in the News 143Concluding Remarks 147Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 150Notes 1508: Representations of Gender in Television, Film, and Music Videos 152Historical Background to Gender Representations in Film and Television 153Gender in Film 156Gender in Entertainment Television 163Gender in Music Videos 171Concluding Remarks 177Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 180Notes 1819: Representations of Gender in Print Media and Advertising 183Historical Background to Women in the Print Media 185Gender in Magazines 186Gender in Print News 190Gender in Advertising 197Gender Trends and "The Male Gaze" 200Gender in New Media 203Concluding Remarks 203Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 204Notes 20410: Representations of Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, and the Transgendered in the Media 207Historical Background to LGBT Representations 208LGBT in Film 210LGBT in Entertainment Television 216LGBT in Music and Radio 221Representations of LGBT in the News 223LGBT and Magazines 224LGBT and Advertising 226LGBT and New Media 228Concluding Remarks 229Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 230Notes 23011: Representations of Age 232Historical Background to Ageist Stereotypes and the Myths of Aging 233Senior Citizens and Teenagers in the United States 235Age in Film 236Representations of Older and Elderly People 236Representations of Teenagers 238Age in Entertainment Television 243Representations of Older and Elderly People 243Representations of Teenagers 246Representations of Age in the News 247Representations of Older and Elderly People 247Representations of Teenagers 250Age and New Media 251Concluding Remarks 253Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 254Notes 25412: Representations of People with Disabilities 257Historical Background to Representations of People with Disabilities 258People with Disabilities in Film 261People with Disabilities in Entertainment Television 262People with Disabilities in the News 268People with Disabilities in Advertising 271Concluding Remarks 274Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 274Notes 27513: Representations of Class 277Historical Background to Class Representations 278Representations of Class in Film 281Representations of Class in Entertainment Television 287Representations of Class in the News 290Concluding Remarks 295Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 296Notes 29614: Mass Media Industries Addressing Diversity 298Broadcast News and Newspaper Industries and Diversity 298The Magazine Industry and Diversity 302Entertainment Industry and Diversity 303The Mass Media Industry and Diversity Statements/Initiatives 306Interviews with Mass Media Professionals 310Brent Merrill 310Kent Takano 311Lisa Fernandez 313Rebecca Traister 314Richard Prince 316Huma Razvi 317Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 318Notes 31915: Conclusion 320Common Threads in Mass Media Representations 320Psychological Impact of Mass Media Representations 322Minority Media as Counteracting Agents 323Reflection Questions and Thoughts to Consider 327Notes 327Digging Deeper 328One Representation Replaces Another 328Suggestions for Further Exploration 328Sexuality and Power 329Suggestions for Further Exploration 329Rules and Regulations Impact Representations 329Suggestions for Further Exploration 330The Symbolic Annihilation of a Social Group 330Suggestions for Further Exploration 330Minorities as the "Other" 330Suggestions for Further Exploration 331Reliance of the News on White "Expert" Sources 331Suggestions for Further Exploration 331"False" Framing and Misrepresentation 332Suggestions for Further Exploration 332Online = New Opportunities 332Suggestions for Further Exploration 332Changes, Contradictions, and an Ever-moving Continuum 333Suggestions for Further Exploration 333Notes 333Glossary of Key Terms/Concepts 334References 342Index 357
