基本説明
The most up-to-date reference for micrometeorological issues and methods related to the eddy covariance technique for estimating mass and energy exchange between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere.
Full Description
Micrometeorology is a branch of meteorology that is concerned with atmospheric phenomena and processes near the ground at scales of tens of meters to several kilometers. Progress in micrometeorologyismade throughexperimentalinvestigationofthesephenomenaandquantitative studyattemptingtobringordertoexperimentaldata. Studiesofsurfa- air ?ux play a crucial role in this endeavor. The current paradigm of micrometeorology builds on two premises: (i) that scale separation exists so that the microscale phenomena can be treated more or less in isolation of phenomena occurring at larger scales, and (ii) that these phenomena are in?uenced by the surface to such an extent that "external factors" can be ignored. Quantitative studies have been based on the assumption of horizontal homogeneity, which inevitably biases the investigation toward over-idealization of the real world by restricting it to perfectly ?at topography and daytime, fair weather conditions. This bias was noted by John Philip 40 years ago: "Experimenters attempt to avoid [advection] by working on sites downwind of extensive 'homogeneous' areas. Sometimes advection is invoked to explain otherwise inexplicable observations..." (J. Meteorol. 16, 535).
Contents
Averaging, Detrending, and Filtering of Eddy Covariance Time Series.- Coordinate Systems and Flux Bias Error.- Uncertainty in Eddy Covariance Flux Estimates Resulting from Spectral Attenuation.- Low Frequency Atmospheric Transport and Surface Flux Measurements.- Measurements of Trace Gas Fluxes in the Atmosphere Using Eddy Covariance: WPL Corrections Revisited.- Concerning the Measurement of Atmospheric Trace Gas Fluxes with Open- and Closed-Path Eddy Covariance System: The WPL Terms and Spectral Attenuation.- Stationarity, Homogeneity, and Ergodicity in Canopy Turbulence.- Post-Field Data Quality Control.- Advection and Modeling.
