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Full Description
This book shifts the focus of Iran's environmental crises from policy failures and technocratic mismanagement to the lived experiences of those at the periphery: non-Persian national communities, rural populations, farmers and displaced peoples. Drawing on original narratives and critical analysis, it reveals how water scarcity, mega-dams, interbasin water transfers and unsustainable development intersect with long histories of marginalisation, extractive industries and securitised state responses. Allan Hassaniyan highlights how environmental degradation has become a matter of survival for Iran's subalterns, exposing the deeply political dimensions of Iranian ecology.
Bridging environmental studies, political ecology and critical area studies, this timely work fills a significant gap in English-language scholarship, as well as spotlighting the unequal and often devastating consequences of the state's environmental crisis for its most vulnerable communities.
Contents
Acknowledgments
List of Maps, Figures, and Tables
Abbreviations
Introduction
The Historical Roots of Peripheral Marginalisation
Methodology and Data Collection
Chapter Overview
1. Theoretical Frameworks, Global Perspective and Evolution of Iran's Environmental Movements
Reflection of Global Environmental Movements
Subaltern Environmentalism and Environmental Justice
Disputed Concepts: Security, Development and Sustainability
Middle East and North Africa's Ecological Crisis
Iran's Environmental Movements and Challenges
Expansion of Environmental NGO: From the 1990s Onwards
Environmentalism as a Securitised Platform
Peripheral Environmental Movements
Internally Colonised Peripheries
Iran's Multifaceted Environmental Challenges
Environmental Deficiencies and Health Risks
2. Iran's Disproportionate Water Demand and Detrimental Hydraulic Infrastructure
Environmental Policy and Development
Development and Water Policy
Detrimental Hydraulic Infrastructures
Destructive Inter-basin Water Transfers and Local Reaction
3. The Destructive Dams of Khuzestan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, and Mazandaran
Gotvand: Iran's Largest Saline Basin
Khorsan Dam III: Engineering Madness
Karun Dam III and Tang Sorkh Dam
Behesht Abad Dam
Northern Periphery's Dams and Water Transfer Plans
The Iranian Azerbaijan: A different periphery
The Complex Network of Inter-Basin Water Transfers
Recipient Basin's Contribution to Donor Basin's Destruction
4. Iran's Water Mafia and State-Company Alliances
IRGC and Iran's Water Resources
The Obscure Bureaucratic Apparatus
Judicial incapability and Unlawful budgets
The Correlation Between International Sanctions and Environmental Destruction
How Sanctions Strengthened State-Company Alliances in Iran?
5. Environmental Lessons from Rojhelat
Environmental Degradation in the Age of Nation-States
Hasankeyf: A Kurdish Struggle for Survival
Kurdistan's Environmental Issues
Rojhelat's Environmental Movement
Objectives of Kurdish Environmentalism
Wildfires and Environmental Response
6. Darian and the Save Kani Bell Campaign: Kurdistan's Anti-dam Movement
Darian and its Detrimental Effects
Darian's Disregard for Kani Bell
Kani Bell: An Ecological Asset and a Kurdish National Icon
The formation of the Save Kani Bell Campaign
The Save Kani Bell Special Working Group
Disputed Terms: Security and Sustainability
Rojhelat's Potential for Sustainable Investment and Development
7. Baluchistan; drought, sandstorm, and environmental migration
Baluchistan's Drought
Hamoon: Once a Source of Life
Dust Storms and Environmental Migration
Sistan and Baluchistan's Untapped Potentials
Conclusion
References
Index
