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Contents
Series Preface
AI Disclosure
Part I: Foundations
Chapter 1: Introduction to the D-KEFS and D-KEFS Advanced
The Assessment Imperative
The D-KEFS: A Process-Oriented Approach
Origins and Development
Design Philosophy
The Nine Original Subtests
The D-KEFS Advanced: Extending the Framework
Motivation for Development
Advances in the Digital Format
New and Enhanced Subtests
The Tier Framework
The Interpretive Challenge
Guidance from the Source
How This Book Is Organized
Summary
Chapter 2: Executive Functioning Across the Lifespan
Brain Functions and Neural Development
Defining Executive Functions
Neural Networks Supporting Executive Functions
The Challenge of Executive Function Measurement
Neurobiological Distinctions
Developmental Considerations
Clinical Populations and Diagnostic Patterns
Assessment Implications of the Hot-Cold Distinction
Intervention Considerations Based on Hot-Cold Profiles
Executive Functions Across the Lifespan
Preschool and Early Elementary Development
Adolescent Development
Adult Development
The Assessment Challenge Revisited
Summation of the EF Research
Chapter 3: How to Use This Book
From Theory to Practice
Executive Function Domains Framework: A Hierarchical Approach
Applying the Tiered Framework
The Hierarchical Model: Distinguishing Executive from Non-Executive Processes
Tier 1: Foundational Processes (Non-Executive)
Tier 2: Bridging Processes
Tier 3: Core Executive Functions
Tier 4: Higher-Order Integration and Metacognition
Understanding Trail Making Through the Hierarchical Lens: An Example
Cultural and Linguistic Considerations in Tier-Based Assessment
Developmental Considerations
Identifying and Leveraging Cognitive Strengths Across Tiers
From Test Performance to Daily Function: Integrating Assessment Methods
Understanding Subtest Chapter Structure
Summary
Part II: Subtest Chapters
Chapter 4: Color-Word Interference Test
Clinical Vignette
Test Description
Hierarchical Tier Analysis
Administration
Behavioral Observations
Scoring
Common Administration Errors
Interpretation
Strengths and Weaknesses
Alternative Measures
Summary
Chapter 5: Design Fluency Test
Clinical Vignette
Test Description
Hierarchical Tier Analysis
Administration
Behavioral Observations
Scoring
Common Administration Errors
Interpretation
Strengths and Weaknesses
Alternative Measures
Summary
Chapter 6: The Proverbs Test
Clinical Vignette
Test Description
Hierarchical Tier Analysis
Administration
Behavioral Observations
Scoring
Common Administration Errors
Interpretation
Strengths and Weaknesses
Alternative Measures
Summary
Chapter 7: Risk-Reward Decision Test
Clinical Vignette
Test Description
Hierarchical Tier Analysis
Administration
Behavioral Observations
Scoring
Common Administration Errors
Interpretation
Strengths and Weaknesses
Alternative Measures
Summary
Chapter 8: Social Sorting Test
Clinical Vignette
Test Description
Hierarchical Tier Analysis
Administration
Behavioral Observations
Scoring
Common Administration Errors
Interpretation
Strengths and Weaknesses
Alternative Measures
Summary
Chapter 9: Sorting Test
Clinical Vignette
Test Description
Hierarchical Tier Analysis
Administration
Behavioral Observations
Scoring
Common Administration Errors
Interpretation
Strengths and Weaknesses
Alternative Measures
Summary
Chapter 10: Tower Test
Clinical Vignette
Test Description
Hierarchical Tier Analysis
Administration
Behavioral Observations
Scoring
Common Administration Errors
Interpretation
Strengths and Weaknesses
Alternative Measures
Summary
Chapter 11: Trail Making Test
Clinical Vignette
Test Description
Hierarchical Tier Analysis
Administration
Behavioral Observations
Scoring
Common Administration Errors
Interpretation
Strengths and Weaknesses
Alternative Measures
Summary
Chapter 12: Twenty Questions Test
Clinical Vignette
Test Description
Hierarchical Tier Analysis
Administration
Behavioral Observations
Scoring
Common Administration Errors
Interpretation
Strengths and Weaknesses
Alternative Measures
Summary
Chapter 13: Verbal Fluency Test
Clinical Vignette
Test Description
Hierarchical Tier Analysis
Administration
Behavioral Observations
Scoring
Common Administration Errors
Interpretation
Strengths and Weaknesses
Alternative Measures
Summary
Chapter 14: Word Context Test
Clinical Vignette
Test Description
Hierarchical Tier Analysis
Administration
Behavioral Observations
Scoring
Common Administration Errors
Interpretation
Strengths and Weaknesses
Alternative Measures
Summary
Part III: Integration
Chapter 15: Cross-Subtest Integration and Synthesis
Clinical Vignette
The Challenge of Integration
Building a Tier-Based Profile Across the Battery
Convergent and Divergent Patterns
When Findings Converge
When Findings Diverge
Hot-Cold Dissociations as a Special Case
Identifying Strengths and Compensatory Resources
Weighting Findings
Integrative Case Examples
Summary
Chapter 16: From Assessment to Action
Clinical Vignette
The Translation Problem
Explaining the Tier Framework to Non-Clinicians
Language for Parents and Families
Language for Schools and Educators
Language for Treatment Providers
Language for Adult Clients
When Tests and Real Life Diverge
Rating Scales as Ecological Indicators
Communicating About Ecological Validity
From Understanding to Action
Tier-Based Intervention Principles
Leveraging Strengths in Recommendations
Principles for Writing Recommendations
Summary
Chapter 17: The Tier Framework as a Clinical Lens
Beyond the D-KEFS
The Impurity Problem Is Universal
Applying Tier-Based Thinking Beyond D-KEFS
Applying Tier-Based Thinking to Memory Assessment
Applying Tier-Based Thinking to Achievement Assessment
The Hot-Cold Distinction Beyond D-KEFS
Errors as Windows
A Way of Thinking
What This Framework Offers
Closing Reflections
Index
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