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Full Description
Comprehensive introduction to aerodynamics applied to different types of modern aircraft, now updated with the latest FAA guidance
Flight Theory and Aerodynamics provides an introduction to aerodynamics using practical application to modern aircraft with step-by-step calculations. This fifth edition streamlines content, notably the chapters on aircraft stability, and incorporates updated FAA guidance and figures from the 2023 Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge as well as other FAA handbooks.
A balanced application of introductory physics and meteorology in the first five chapters evolves into an introduction to propeller and jet aircraft propulsion and eventually moves into a broad discussion on the application of physics to aircraft takeoff and landing performance. After the introductory material has been presented, principles from earlier in the textbook and prior coursework are correlated and applied to slow flight, aircraft stability, and high-speed flight. A new chapter on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) flight theory is included.
The text features extensive instructor resources including detailed PowerPoint slides for each chapter, step-by-step guidance for end of chapter calculations, sample test bank questions for each chapter, and application sections within each chapter that allow the instructor to challenge the student with additional real-world scenarios based on chapter content.
Flight Theory and Aerodynamics includes information on:
Elements of the flight environment, covering forces, mass, scalar and vector quantities, linear and rotational motion, friction, and power
Atmosphere, altitude, and airspeed measurement, covering properties of the atmosphere, Bernoulli's equation, and pitot-static system advantages and disadvantages
Jet aircraft performance, covering principles of propulsion, fuel flow, specific fuel consumption, and thrust-required curves
Aircraft stability and control, covering oscillatory motion, weight and balance, and airplane reference axes
Rotary-wing flight theory, airfoil selection, and helicopter control
UAV flight theory, including UAV design considerations, the aerodynamics of UAV fuselage design, UAV powerplant design, and the future of UAV design and aerodynamics
End of chapter questions focused on scenario-based learning as applied to the performance analysis of a Diamond DA50 and corresponding chapter material.
In addition to degree-oriented college programs, this latest edition of Flight Theory and Aerodynamics is also an essential resource for pilot training programs ranging from student pilots to flight instructors as well as practicing professionals flying a wide range of aircraft.
Contents
About the Authors xiii
Preface xv
About the Companion Website xvii
1 Introduction to the Flight Environment 1
Introduction 2
History of Aerodynamics 2
Basic Quantities 6
Forces 7
Mass 8
Scalar and Vector Quantities 9
Moments 12
Equilibrium Conditions 12
Newton's Laws of Motion 13
Energy and Work 14
Power 15
Friction 16
Introduction to Linear Motion 17
Introduction to Rotational Motion 19
Symbols 19
Equations 20
Key Terms 20
Problems 21
2 Atmosphere Altitude and Airspeed Measurement 25
Properties of the Atmosphere 25
ICAO Standard Atmosphere 30
Altitude Measurement 30
Continuity Equation 36
Bernoulli's Equation 37
Airspeed Measurement 39
Symbols 46
Equations 47
Key Terms 47
Problems 48
3 Structures Airfoils and Aerodynamic Forces 53
Aircraft Structures 53
Airfoils 66
Development of Forces on Airfoils 73
Aerodynamic Force 74
Aerodynamic Pitching Moments 76
Aerodynamic Center 78
Accident Brief: Air Midwest Flight 5481 78
Symbols 79
Key Terms 80
Problems 80
4 Lift 85
Introduction to Lift 85
Angle of Attack 86
Boundary Layer Theory 91
Reynolds Number 93
Adverse Pressure Gradient 94
Airflow Separation 95
Stall 97
Aerodynamic Force Equations 99
Lift Equation 99
Airfoil Lift Characteristics 103
High Coefficient of Lift Devices 105
Effect of Ice and Frost 111
Lift During Flight Maneuvers 113
Symbols 117
Equations 117
Key Terms 117
Problems 118
5 Drag 123
Induced Drag 124
Ground Effect 132
Parasite Drag 137
Drag Equation 143
Total Drag 145
Lift-To-Drag Ratio 147
Drag Reduction 151
Symbols 155
Equations 155
Key Terms 156
Problems 156
6 Jet Aircraft Performance 161
Thrust-Producing Aircraft 162
Thrust-Required Curve 165
Principles of Propulsion 167
Thrust-Available Turbojet Aircraft 168
Specific Fuel Consumption 171
Fuel Flow 172
Thrust-Available/Thrust-Required Curves 173
Items of Aircraft Performance 174
Variations in the Thrust-Required Curve 182
Symbols 193
Equations 194
Key Terms 194
Problems 195
7 Propeller Aircraft Performance 199
Power Available 200
Principles of Propulsion 205
Power-Required Curves 208
Items of Aircraft Performance 215
Variations in the Power-Required Curve 223
Symbols 233
Equations 233
Key Terms 234
Problems 234
8 Takeoff Performance 241
Normal Takeoff 244
Improper Liftoff 250
Rejected Takeoffs 251
Initial Climb 260
Linear Motion 261
Factors Affecting Takeoff Performance 266
Symbols 273
Equations 274
Key Terms 274
Problems 274
9 Landing Performance 281
Prelanding Performance 284
Normal Landing 293
Improper Landing Performance 296
Hazards of Hydroplaning 300
Landing Deceleration Velocity and Distance 303
Landing Equations 309
Landing Environment 314
Symbols 318
Equations 319
Key Terms 319
Problems 320
10 Slow-Speed Flight 325
Region of Reversed Command 326
Stalls 330
Spins 340
Hazards During Slow-Speed Flight - Low-Level Wind Shear 346
Aircraft Performance in Low-Level Wind Shear 348
Hazards During Slow-Speed Flight - Turbulence 353
Equation 359
Key Terms 359
Problems 359
11 Maneuvering Performance 363
General Turning Performance 363
Load Factor 367
The V -G Diagram (Flight Envelope) 372
Load Factor and Flight Maneuvers 378
Energy Management 386
Symbols 391
Equations 392
Key Terms 392
Problems 393
12 Longitudinal Stability and Control 397
Definitions 398
Oscillatory Motion 400
Weight and Balance 401
Airplane Reference Axes 407
Static Longitudinal Stability 410
Dynamic Longitudinal Stability 424
Pitching Tendencies in a Stall 426
Longitudinal Control 430
Symbols 431
Equations 431
Key Terms 431
Problems 432
13 Directional and Lateral Stability 437
Static Directional Stability 437
Directional Control 445
Multi-Engine Flight Principles 452
Lateral Stability and Control 457
Static Lateral Stability 457
Lateral Control 464
Dynamic Directional and Lateral Coupled Effects 464
Symbols 470
Equations 471
Key Terms 471
Problems 471
14 High-Speed Flight 475
The Speed of Sound 476
High-Subsonic Flight 479
Design Features for High-Subsonic Flight 480
Transonic Flight 487
Supersonic Flight 491
Symbols 509
Equations 510
Key Terms 510
Problems 510
15 Rotary-Wing Flight Theory 515
Momentum Theory of Lift 517
Airfoil Selection 518
Forces on Rotor System 518
Thrust Development 520
Hovering Flight 521
Ground Effect 523
Rotor Systems 525
Dissymmetry of Lift in Forward Flight 527
High Forward Speed Problems 530
Helicopter Control 532
Helicopter Power-Required Curves 533
Power Settling Settling With Power and Vortex Ring State 535
Autorotation 537
Dynamic Rollover 540
Problems 540
16 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Flight Theory 543
UAV Categorization 544
UAV Design 545
Aerodynamics of UAV Fuselage Design 547
UAV Powerplant Design 548
The Future of UAV Design and Aerodynamics 554
Key Terms 557
Answers to Problems 559
Bibliography 563
Index 571
