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Full Description
Provides a deep understanding of the mechanisms, analysis methods, stability criteria, and stabilization methods for converter-driven oscillations in power systems
The extensive integration of converter-interfaced resources into power systems has significantly increased the occurrences of converter-driven oscillations, posing a serious new challenge to power system stability over the past decade. Stability Analysis of Converter-Rich Power Grids offers a comprehensive understanding of converter interactions with power systems and their oscillation characteristics. Based on academic research, this book is to explicitly connect mathematical mechanism and converter-driven oscillation phenomena, helping readers with deep insight into converter-driven oscillations.
To provide a solid foundation for studying converter-driven oscillations, the book is organized into ten chapters, covering topics such as stability mechanisms, modeling, stability criteria, analysis methods, and stabilization techniques for different types of converters.
Equipping readers with the knowledge to design stable converter systems and tackle critical power system challenges, Stability Analysis of Converter-Rich Power Grids:
Describes the history of converter-driven oscillations and presents recent understandings and categorizations of these oscillations in sub-synchronous oscillation classification and power system stability classification
Presents modeling methods for typical converter control approaches, including grid-following and grid-forming converters
Explains the mechanism of mirror-frequency oscillations induced by converters and clarifies the fundamental causes of converter-driven oscillations
Provides comprehensive stability analysis methods and distinctions in their applications, including the impedance measurement methods for stability analysis for black-box systems
Analyzes and specifies the stability characteristics of both grid-following and grid-forming converters, with relevant stabilization measures provided accordingly
Stability Analysis of Converter-Rich Power Grids is an essential resource for engineers, system operators, and converter designers addressing power system stability challenges. It is also an excellent supplementary text for graduate and advanced undergraduate courses in power systems, renewable energy integration, and power electronics.
Contents
Foreword xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
Acronyms xix
Introduction xxi
1 Drives of High Penetration of Converters 1
1.1 High-voltage Direct Current 1
1.2 Renewable Energy 5
1.3 Energy Storage System 9
2 Challenges and Future Development of Grid-connected Converters 13
2.1 Conventional Classification of Power System Stability Based on Disturbances 13
2.2 Overview of VSC-induced Oscillation Events 18
2.3 Subsynchronous Oscillations 22
2.4 Classification of Power System Stability 24
2.5 Control Interaction of CIG 27
2.6 Overview of Weak-grid Caused Instabilities 31
3 Fundamental Stability Criteria for Feedback Systems 37
3.1 The Mathematical Mechanism of System Stability 37
3.2 Stability Criterion via Pole Map 39
3.3 Stability Criterion via Bode Plot Analysis 41
3.4 Stability Criterion via Nyquist Plot Analysis 43
4 Modeling of Grid-connected Converters 47
4.1 Basic Control Configurations of VSCs 47
4.2 Linearization of VSC Control Systems 48
4.3 Modeling of Frame Transformation with Frequency Alignment Control 55
4.4 Modeling and Stability Analysis of a VSC System 60
5 Stability Analysis Methods 69
5.1 State-space Stability Analysis Method 69
5.2 Impedance Stability Analysis Method 75
5.3 Comparison Among Stability Analysis Methods 86
6 Impedance Interaction Analysis for Converter-integrated Power Systems 89
6.1 Impedance Interaction Analysis 89
6.2 Impedance Interaction in a High-order System 97
7 Mirror-frequency Oscillation Due to Converters 107
7.1 Mirror-frequency Effect of Converter Systems 107
7.2 The Difference Between Mirror-frequency Oscillations and Positive/Negative Sequence Oscillations 115
7.3 The Performance of Mirror-frequency Oscillations Across Different Electrical Quantities 117
7.4 Understanding Balanced and Unbalanced Control Systems and Their Role in the Mirror-frequency Effect 119
7.5 Why Is Converter Control an Unbalanced System? 122
8 Impedance Measurement Techniques for Power System Stability Analysis 125
8.1 Stability Analysis Method Based on Measurement 125
8.2 Impedance Measurement Methods 126
8.3 Impact of Noise on Measurement Accuracy and Elimination Methods 130
8.4 Impedance Measurement of dq-sequence Impedance or ;;;; Impedance 135
9 Stability Analysis of Grid-following Converters 139
9.1 Instability Causes of PLL-based Control 139
9.2 A Tuning Method for PLL-based Current Control 146
9.3 Overall Tuning Strategy for PLL-based PV Control Systems 154
9.4 Summary 158
10 Stability Analysis of Grid-forming Converters 159
10.1 Development of Grid-forming Converters 159
10.2 Definition and Variants of GFM Control 163
10.3 Brief Comparative Analysis of Stability Characteristics: GFM Converters and SGs in Strong and Weak Grids 167
10.4 Comparative Analysis of PLL-based Grid-supporting Control and P-;; Droop-based GFM Controls 170
10.5 Comparative Analysis of Stability in GFL and GFM Converters 175
11 Transient Stability Analysis of Grid-following and Grid-forming Converters 185
11.1 Transient Stability of Conventional Synchronous Generators Based Power Systems 185
11.2 Transient Stability of Grid-following Converters 189
11.3 Transient Stability of Grid-forming Converters 198
11.4 Summary 211
References 212
Appendix A: Small-signal Model of Grid-following
Converters 215
Index 227
