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How did the Columbian Exchange transform diets around the world? Why did expanding global trade hurt textile workers in India? In what circumstances did the COVID-19 virus become a global pandemic?
Panorama explores these questions by following the journey of humankind in a global context, weaving a world-scale narrative with a single chronological thread. It empowers you to connect the regional histories of particular states, empires, and cultural traditions to larger patterns of change on hemispheric and global scales—examining migratory movements, networks of trade, the spread of religions, pandemics, and environmental transformations.
Richly illustrated with 120 images and 48 maps, this new edition is organized into three chronological parts, each covering a defined era in world history. Volume 2 starts in the mid-fifteenth century CE and surveys up to the present day.
Each chapter includes dedicated learning features:
· "Individuals Matter" presents biographical sketches of individuals, both notable historical figures and ordinary people, whose lives in some way illuminate the chapter's main developments.
· "Weighing the Evidence" asks you to analyse and interpret primary sources, either texts or visual artifacts.
· "Thinking about the Past with Global and Comparative Themes" encourages you to examine the threads of change that cut across global space and time.
· "Thinking History" questions help consolidate your knowledge, and "Reflecting on the Past" questions invite you to contemplate broader chapter themes.
· In-margin definitions of words and phrases help build key vocabulary.
With its unique global narrative, chronological storytelling and exceptional features, Panorama provides a clear framework to analyse and engage with the changes, continuities, and anomalies in our world's past—and their impact on the present.
Contents
Introduction: The Earth, World History's Theater
The Big Land Masses: The Main Stage of History
Moving Land Masses
Seven Continents, or Only Five?
Afroeurasia
The Tropical Belt
The Northern Latitudes of Temperate Climate
Afroeurasia's Mountain Spine
The Eleven Seas
Rivers
Australia
North and South America
Connecting the Americas
The America's Long Cordillera
Rivers and Seas
The Oceans
Conclusion
Chapter 15: Calamities and Recoveries across Afroeurasia, 1300-1500
Environmental Crises of the Fourteenth Century
Downpour and Drought
The Great Pestilence
Crises in the Political and Social Realms
China: The Collapse of Mongol Rule
Political and Economic Troubles in the Central Muslim Lands
Europe in the Aftermath of the Black Death
Fifteenth-Century Recuperation
Technologies for the Future
Ming China: New Prosperity and a Maritime Thrust
South Asia: A Steadier Course of Change
Astronomy and Empire Building in the Central Muslim Lands
The Meaning of Recovery in Europe
Conclusion
Chapter 16: Oceans Crossed, Worlds Connected, 1450-1550
On the Eve of the Great World Convergence
Changes in the Afroeurasian Trade Network
The Eastern Atlantic Rim
States in the Americas
The Birth of the Atlantic World
Changing Maritime Technology
Europeans and Tropical Africans: Early Encounters
Crossing and Connecting Oceans
American Catastrophes
American Death and the Columbian Exchange
The End of the Aztec Empire
Assault on the Inca Empire
The Europeans have a "labor problem"
Spanish Empire-Building
The Portuguese Claim to Brazil
New Power Relations in the Southern Seas
To Capture the Spice Trade
The Trans-Pacific Link
Conclusion
Chapter 17: Afroeurasia and Its Powerful States, 1500-1600
Afroeurasia's Political Panorama
The Big Three Muslim States
The Ottoman Empire's Dramatic Growth
The Safavid Empire of Persia
Mughal Power in South Asia
Russia: From Principality to Empire
Japan and the Tokugawa
Strong Monarchies in Southeast Asia
The European States
The Songhay Empire
Firearms and State Power
New and Deadly Armies
The Military Revolution
The Limits of Central Power
Trends in Religion, Language, and Culture
Intellectual and Moral Ferment in China
Tension between Sunni and Shi'a Muslims
Religious Crisis in Europe
Vernacular Languages and the State
Languages of Cultural Prestige
Conclusion
Chapter 18: The Expanding Global Economy: Expectations and Inequalities, 1550-1700
Three Major Global Developments
The Worldwide Network Takes Shape
Maritime technology and global convergence
The new Atlantic and Pacific networks: why only Europeans?
The Continuing Columbian Exchange
Climate Change in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
Afroeurasia and the Expanding World Economy
Western Europe's Economic Thrust
Centuries of Silver in East Asia
Asians and Europeans in the Southern Seas
The Inner Eurasian Overland Trade
The Atlantic Economy: Land, Capital, and Slave Labor
The Atlantic Economy and African Slavery
Change in Atlantic Africa
Central African states and Portuguese intruders
West African states
Conclusion
Chapter 19: The Changing Balance of Wealth and Power, 1650-1750
Empires and Big States
Chinese Prosperity and Imperialism
Russia from Poland to the Pacific
The Spanish Empire in America
Europe: Successes and Failures of Absolutism
European Settlement and the Fate of Indigenous Peoples
Early European Settlers in North America
Russian Settlement of Siberia
Europeans and Khoisan in South Africa
Alternative Visions of God, Nature, and the Universe
Scientific Advances
The Enlightenment: Rethinking Human Nature and Society
The Continuing Growth of Islam and Christianity
Conclusion
Chapter 20: Waves of Revolution, 1720-1830
World Economy and Politics, 1720-1763
A Commercializing World
Troubled Empires in Asia
Global Sea Trade and the Eighteenth-Century "World War"
Revolutions on the North Atlantic Rim
The Global Context of Popular Revolt
The War of Independence in North America
The French Revolution
The Idea of Nationalism
The Birth of Haiti
The Second Wave: Revolutions in Latin America
Colonial Society on the Eve of Rebellion
The Wars of Independence
Many Young States
Conclusion
Chapter 21: Energy and Industrialization, 1750-1850
The Energy Revolution
The Fuel That Lies Beneath
The End of the Biological Old Regime
Industry on a New Scale
Cotton and the Drift to Industrialization
Mines and Machines
Working in Factories
Was There Something Special about Britain?
Social and Environmental Consequences of Early Industrialization
Industrialization and Global Exchange in the Early Nineteenth Century
The Energy Revolution Takes Hold
The Threads of Commerce
Free Trade and the New Doctrine of Liberalism
Conclusion
Chapter 22: Coping with Change in the New Industrial Era, 1830-1870
Waves of Migrants
Nineteenth-Century Slave Trade
The Outpouring from Europe
Neo-Europes and Indigenous Populations
South Africa: An Unsuccessful Neo-Europe
Migrations from Asia
Oceania Connected
Groundswells of Political and Social Reform
Nationalism and the Power of the People
Varieties of Socialism
Movements for Women's Rights
Movements for Political Reform and Unification in Europe
Modernizing Reforms in Muslim Lands
The Limits of Liberalism in Latin America
Religion and Reform
Global Trends and Religious Change
Christian Evangelism
Jewish Reform
Religious Reform and Revolution in the Muslim World
Global Change and the Calamitous Wars of Midcentury
The Crimean War and the Industrialization of Violence
Paraguay: A War of Annihilation
The Taiping Rebellion in China
The Great Indian Rebellion
The American Civil War
Conclusion
Chapter 23: Capital, Technology, and the Changing Balance of Global Power, 1860-1914
The Spread of Steam-Powered Industry
Wealthy Britain
Industrial Hubs in Europe and the United States
Smokestacks in Russia
The Meiji Restoration and Japanese Industry
Industrialization on Smaller Scales: Gains and Disappointments
Capitalism's Global Reach
The Worldwide Communication Grid
Feeding Industrial Societies
Rich Regions, Poor Regions
The Lot of the Urban Working Classes
Globalizing Business, Technology, and Science
European Imperialism and Popular Resistance
The Road to Colonialism in Africa and Southeast Asia
Why did European Invasions Succeed?
Resistance Movements and Their Consequences
States That Survived
Conclusion
Chapter 24: Innovation, Revolution, and Global Crisis, 1890-1920
Turn-of-the-Century Prosperity, 1890-1914
Commerce and Gold
Urbanization and Migration
Scientific and Technological Advances
Global Inequities and Their Consequences
Drought and Plague
Africa and Southeast Asia under New Colonial Rules
Worker Protest and Nationalist Ferment in Europe
Five Revolutions
The Great War, 1914-1918
Lighting the Fuse
A World at War
Total War
Russia: From War to Revolution
Peace and Consequences
Conclusion
Chapter 25: Turbulent Decades, 1918-1935
Postwar Trends in Society and Culture
Population Trends
New Ways of Living in the Industrialized World
Scientific Challenges to the Knowable Universe
Modernity and Moderism
Clashing Ideologies in the Political Arena
Democratic Hopes
The Soviet Union: Communist Authoritarianism
Nationalists and Communists in China
New Governments on the Political Right
Left and Right in Latin America
Colonial Rule and its Opponents in Africa and Asia
Economy and Society in the Colonial Empires
Ways of Ruling
Foreign Immigrants in Colonized Lands
Colonial Rule Contested
The Great Depression and Its Consequences
The Steep Descent
Depression and the Continuing Trend toward Authoritarian Leaders
Conclusion
Chapter 26: World War II and Its Aftermath, 1933-1950
Empire Building and Global Crisis
Empire of the Sun
The Nazi State
Italy's Foreign Aggressions
Fascist Dictatorship in Spain
The Greatest War
The Years of Axis Victory, 1939-1942
The Years of Counteroffensive, 1942-1945
The Second Total War
The War beyond the Theaters of War
The War and the Global Environment
In the Wake of War, 1945-1950
Restoring Stability, Enforcing Justice
The Two New Empires
World War II and the Challenge to Colonial Empires
Communist Victory in China
Conclusion
Chapter 27: The Global Boom and Its Contradictions, 1945-1975
Population and Economy: An Era of Spectacular Growth
Global Population at Its Crest
The Postwar Economic Boom
Economic Growth in Communist States
The Worldwide Lure of Industrialization
Cities, Suburbs, and Shantytowns
Postwar Consumer Society
The Biosphere in Distress
The Cold War Wears On
The Era of Mutually Assured Destruction
The Cold War Goes Global
Fights for Freedom and Justice
Paths to Independence: Protest and Negotiation
Paths to Independence: Insurgency and Revolution
Struggles for Stability in Young States
High Expectations and Social Protest
Conclusion
Chapter 28: Countercurrents of Change, 1970-2008
An Electrified World
The Era of the Integrated Circuit
The Electronics of Transport
Computers and the Body
Unintended Consequences of Electronic Innovation
Countercurrents in the Global Economy
The 1970s: An Economic Turning Point
Conflicting Capitalist Doctrines
Shifting Centers of Economic Power
The Persistence of Poverty
Migration and the Global Economy
Countercurrents in the Search for Global Order
The World State System since 1970
A World of Organizations
Disorder and Breakdown in an Era of Global Integration
Palestinians and Israelis
Into the Anthropocene
Environment and Environmentalism
The Perils of Climate Change
Conclusion
Chapter 29: 2008-present (In development)
