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Full Description
Concerns regarding heavy metal contamination in terrestrial ecosystems have prompted increasing efforts on limiting their bioavailability in the root zone. The complexity of the hydrologic system gives rise to the need for understanding the fate and transport of trace elements in the soil-water-plant environment. Dynamics and Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in the Rootzone provides a multidisciplinary approach with emphasis on geohydrology, plant and soil science, and environmental chemistry. The primary focus of this book is on different approaches that describe the dynamics of heavy metals in the soil system. These approaches are key to providing direct information on the concentration of heavy metals and hence on their transport, toxicity, and bioavailability.
The book includes chapters covering equilibrium and kinetic models of heavy metal interactions as well as non-equilibrium transport models. It also discusses chemical processes controlling soil solution concentrations and modeling of heavy metals adsorption. Addressing the biological component of heavy metal dynamics, this work examines rhizosphere microorganisms and phytoremediation. Colloid-associated transport, which can result in groundwater contamination, is discussed in relation to reclaimed mine sites. The authors also present an overview of recent advancements in the biogeochemistry of trace elements and their environmental implications. Additional chapters include examination of various natural environments including runoff waters at the watershed scale, heavy metal transformation in wetlands, dynamics of trace metals in frequently flooded soils, and effects on crops in biosolid-amended soils.
Reliable assessment of potential risks resulting from the transport of trace elements in the soil environment requires the examination of complex chemical and biological interactions due to the heterogeneous nature of soils. This text describes the current state of the art in this field and explores innovative experimental and theoretical/modeling approaches that will enhance this knowledge. The book provides a coherent presentation of recent advances in techniques, modeling, and dynamics and bioavailability of heavy metals in the root zone.
Contents
Nonlinear Behavior of Heavy Metals in Soils: Mobility and Bioavailability. Nonequilibrium Transport of Heavy Metals in Soils: Physical and Chemical Processes. Chemical Equilibrium and Reaction Modeling of Arsenic and Selenium in Soils. Heavy Metal and Selenium Distribution and Bioavailability in Contaminated Sites: A Tool for Phytoremediation. Colloid-Associated Transport and Metal Speciation at Reclaimed Mine Sites Following Biosolid Application. Trace Element Biogeochemistry in the Rhizosphere. Heavy Metals in Agricultural Watersheds: Nonpoint Source Contamination. Heavy Metals Transformation in Wetlands. Factors Controlling the Dynamics of Trace Metals in Frequently Flooded Soils. Heavy Metals Forms in Biosolids, Soils, and Biosolid-Amended Soils. Index.
