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Thermal Explosion
A full review of thermal explosion theory featuring a new universal notation as a framework to develop and report research results
Summarizing all significant and notable developments made in the field over nearly 100 years, Thermal Explosion provides a single, authoritative source of information on the subject that connects the theory with examples from practical applications. After opening with an introduction to prerequisite technical information, the book goes on to cover the mathematical theory behind thermal explosion, with detailed explanations of how thermal explosion can develop in different media and under different conditions and strategies and techniques that can be used to prevent thermal explosion.
Readers will learn how to recognize thermal explosion hazards within technical designs and operation procedures, including for lithium ion batteries, biofuels, biomaterials, and microcombustors, predict the circumstances that may cause a thermal explosion in a particular design or process, and develop optimal mitigating strategies for these risks. Each chapter is supported by extensive example problems that introduce readers to a universal notation that can be used as a framework for developing and reporting their own research results.
Topics covered in Thermal Explosion include:
Steady-state theory: the Semenov formulation and planar, cylindrical, and spherical symmetry cases in the Frank-Kamenetskii formulation
Generalized boundary conditions, dynamical regimes, thermal explosion in a region of arbitrary shape, and nonsteady thermal explosion theory
Thermal explosion in two-phase porous systems and spotted, diffusion, and conjugate thermal explosion
One- and two-variable thermal explosion models of fire flashover
Thermal explosion prevention through management of cooling flows and other passive methods, inertization, and cooling one- and two-phase media injections
Thermal Explosion is an essential, up-to-date reference on the subject for engineering researchers and professionals, along with mathematicians and other scientists working in related fields. The book is also an excellent learning aid within an academic setting for graduate-level researchers or as supplemental reading in upper-level courses.
Contents
About the Author vi
Preface viii
Important Notation and Abbreviations xvii
1 Introduction
1.1 Informal Description of Thermal Explosion 1
1.2 Historical Remarks. Terminology 3
1.3 Fundamentals of Chemical Kinetics 7
1.4 Definition of Thermal Explosion 12
1.5 Similarity and Difference with other Phenomena 17
2 Classical Theory of Thermal Explosion
2.1 General Considerations 21
2.2 Steady-state Semenov Theory 28
2.3 Steady-state Frank-Kamenetskii Theory 34
2.3.1 Planar Symmetry 37
2.3.2 Cylindrical Symmetry 39
2.3.3 Spherical Symmetry 41
2.4 Nonsteady Theory 45
2.5 Comparison of the Semenov and the Frank-Kamenetskii formulations 52
3 Extended Mathematical Theory of Thermal Explosion
3.1 Generalized Boundary Conditions 60
3.2 Dynamical Regimes 72
3.3 Thermal Explosion in a Region of Arbitrary Shape 80
3.4 Stability of Thermal Explosion Solutions 88
3.5 Interpretation of Thermal Explosion in terms of Theory of
Catastrophes and Control Theory 92
3.6 Review of other Results in Mathematical Theory of Thermal
Explosion 97
4 Thermal Explosion in a Quiescent Medium
4.1 Kinetic Effects 101
4.2 Conjugate Thermal Explosion 114
4.3 Diffusion Thermal Explosion 125
4.4 Spotted Thermal Explosion 132
4.5 Experimental Validation of the Theory of Thermal Explosion 135
5 Thermal Explosion in Dynamic Mixtures
5.1 Thermal Explosion in Flow Reactor 138
5.2 Thermal Explosion under Natural Convection Conditions 146
5.3 Thermal Explosion under Forced Convection Conditions 160
6 Thermal Explosion and Fire Dynamics
6.1 Compartment Fire Flashover. Problem Description 177
6.2 One-variable Thermal Explosion Models of Fire Flashover 181
6.3 Two-variable Thermal Explosion Models of Fire Flashover 191
6.4 Pseudo- Three-variable Models and other Results in Thermal 202
Explosion Modelling of Fire Flashover
7 Thermal Explosion in Granular Reacting Media, Biosolid Fuels and
Electric Batteries
7.1 Experimental Data 213
7.2 Thermal Explosion in Granular Reacting Media 216
7.3 Thermal Explosion of Biosolid Fuels 219
7.4 Thermal Explosion of Electric Batteries 233
8 Control Problem in the Theory of Thermal Explosion
8.1 Problem Formulation 242
8.2 Instantaneous Control 244
8.3 Smooth Control 250
8.3.1 Smooth Autonomous Control 257
8.3.2 Smooth Non-autonomous Control 264
9 Thermal Explosion Prevention
9.1 Concept of Thermal Management. Passive and Active Methods 276
9.2 Passive Methods 278
9.3 Inertization 284
9.4 Cooling Media Injection 286
9.5 Prevention of Fire Flashover 287
References 301
Thermal Explosion. Theory and Application 317
Problems 317
Thermal Explosion. Theory and Application 319
Problem Solutions 319
Index 338
