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Full Description
Energy and the Environment, 3rd Edition examines several critical topics of global importance associated with our increasing use of resource consumption and its impact on our environment. Author, Jeffrey Brack, provides updated information on pivotal issues that surround the study of energy through the exploration of basic concepts, resources applications, and problems of current interest.
Contents
Chapter 1 Energy Fundamentals, Energy Use in an Industrial Society 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Why Do We Use So Much Energy? 41.3 Energy Basics 71.3.1 General 71.3.2 Forms of Energy 81.3.3 Power 101.4 Units of Energy 111.4.1 The Joule 111.4.2 The British Thermal Unit 111.4.3 The Calorie 121.4.4 The Foot-Pound 121.4.5 The Electron-Volt 121.5 Scientific Notation 121.6 Energy Consumption in the United States 141.7 The Principle of Energy Conservation 201.8 Transformation of Energy from One Form to Another 211.9 Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy Sources 221.9.1 Nonrenewable Energy Sources 221.9.2 Renewable Energy Sources 22Key Terms 24Suggested Reading and References 24Questions and Problems 24Multiple Choice Questions 25Chapter 2 The Fossil Fuels 282.1 Introduction 282.2 Petroleum 292.3 History of the Production of Petroleum in the United States 302.4 Petroleum Resources of the United States 322.5 World Production of Petroleum 352.6 The Cost of Gasoline in the United States 362.7 Petroleum Refining 372.8 Natural Gas 392.9 The History of Use of Natural Gas 412.10 The Natural Gas Resource Base in the United States 432.11 The Natural Gas Resource Base for the World 442.12 The Formation of Coal 462.13 Coal Resources and Consumption 462.14 Shale Oil 492.15 Tar Sands 522.16 Summary 52Key Terms 53Suggested Reading and References 54Questions and Problems 54Multiple Choice Questions 55Chapter 3 Heat Engines 573.1 The Mechanical Equivalent of Heat 573.2 The Energy Content of Fuels 583.3 The Thermodynamics of Heat Engines 593.4 Generation of Electricity 613.5 Electric Power Transmission 633.6 Practical Heat Engines 653.6.1 Steam Engines 653.6.2 Gasoline Engines 673.6.3 Diesel Engines 673.6.4 Gas Turbines 703.7 Heat Pumps 713.8 Cogeneration 74Key Terms 76Suggested Reading and References 76Questions and Problems 76Multiple Choice Questions 77Chapter 4 Renewable Energy Sources I: Solar Energy 814.1 Introduction 814.2 Energy from the Sun 824.3 A Flat-Plate Collector System 874.4 Passive Solar 914.5 Solar Thermal Electric Power Generation 944.5.1 Power Towers 964.5.2 Parabolic Dishes and Troughs 974.6 The Direct Conversion of Solar Energy to Electrical Energy 1004.7 Solar Cooling 106Key Terms 107Suggested Reading and References 107Questions and Problems 108Multiple Choice Questions 108Chapter 5 Renewable Energy Sources II: Alternatives 1115.1 Introduction 1115.2 Hydropower 1125.3 Wind Power 1185.4 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion 1255.5 Biomass as an Energy Feedstock 1305.6 Biomass: Municipal Solid Waste 1355.7 Biomass-Derived Liquid and Gaseous Fuels 1365.8 Geothermal Energy 1405.9 Tidal Energy 1455.10 Wave Energy 1475.11 Summary 147Key Terms 148Suggested Reading and References 148Questions and Problems 149Multiple Choice Questions 150Chapter 6 The Promise and Problems of Nuclear Energy 1526.1 Introduction 1526.2 A Short History of Nuclear Energy 1536.3 Radioactivity 1566.4 Nuclear Reactors 1576.5 The Boiling Water Reactor 1596.6 Fuel Cycle 1626.7 Uranium Resources 1636.8 Environmental and Safety Aspects of Nuclear Energy 1656.9 Nuclear Reactor Accidents 1686.9.1 The Chernobyl Disaster 1686.9.2 Fukushima Daiichi Disaster 1696.10 Nuclear Weapons 1706.11 The Storage of High-Level Radioactive Waste 1726.12 The Cost of Nuclear Power 1746.13 Nuclear Fusion as an Energy Source 1756.14 Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions 1776.15 A Fusion Reactor 178Key Terms 182Suggested Reading and References 182Questions and Problems 183Multiple Choice Questions 184Chapter 7 Energy Conservation 1877.1 A Penny Saved is a Penny Earned 1877.2 Space Heating 1897.2.1 Thermal Insulation 1907.2.2 Air Infiltration 1957.2.3 Furnaces, Stoves, and Fireplaces 1967.2.4 Solar and Other Sources of Heat Energy 1997.2.5 Standards for Home Heating 2007.3 Water Heaters, Home Appliances, and Lighting 2017.3.1 Water Heating 2017.3.2 Appliances 2027.3.3 Lighting 2047.3.4 The Energy-Conserving House 2067.4 Energy Conservation in Industry and Agriculture 2087.4.1 Housekeeping 2087.4.2 Waste Heat Recovery and Cogeneration 2087.4.3 Process Changes 2097.4.4 Recycling 2097.4.5 New Developments 2107.4.6 Help from Public Utilities 211Key Terms 212Suggested Reading and References 212Questions and Problems 213Multiple Choice Questions 214Chapter 8 Transportation 2168.1 Introduction 2168.2 Power and Energy Requirements 2198.3 Electric Batteries, Flywheels, Hybrids, Hydrogen, Alcohol 2268.3.1 Electric Vehicles 2278.3.2 Flywheel-Powered Vehicles 2298.3.3 Hybrid Vehicles 2328.3.4 Hydrogen, Fuel Cells 2348.3.5 Alcohol as a Transportation Fuel 2388.4 Mass Transportation 240Key Terms 243Suggested Reading and References 243Questions and Problems 244Multiple Choice Questions 244Chapter 9 Air Pollution 2479.1 Spaceship Earth 2479.2 The Earth's Atmosphere 2489.3 Thermal Inversions 2499.4 Carbon Monoxide 2539.5 The Oxides of Nitrogen 2589.6 Hydrocarbon Emissions and Photochemical Smog 2599.7 Reduction of Vehicle Emissions 2629.8 Sulfur Dioxide in the Atmosphere 2659.9 Particulates as Pollutants 2679.10 Acid Rain 272Key Terms 275Suggested Reading and References 275Questions and Problems 275Multiple Choice Questions 276Chapter 10 Global Effects 27910.1 Introduction 27910.2 Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere 28010.3 The Greenhouse Effect and World Climate Changes 284Key Terms 296Suggested Reading and References 296Questions and Problems 297Multiple Choice Questions 298Appendix 299A.1 Linear Plots, Semilogarithmic Plots, and Exponential Growth 299A.2 Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin Temperature Scales 302Answers to Selected End-of-Chapter Problems 305Index 307
