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An indispensable volume detailing the current and potential applications of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment by experts practicing in fields around the world
Polymers are used in a wide variety of industries to fabricate legions of products because of their many desirable traits. However, polymers in general (and polyolefins, in particular) are innately not very adhesionable because of the absence of polar or reactive groups on their surfaces and concomitant low surface energy. Surface treatment of polymers, however, is essential to impart reactive chemical groups on their surfaces to enhance their adhesion characteristic. Proper surface treatment can endow polymers with improved adhesion without affecting the bulk properties.
A plethora of techniques (ranging from wet to dry, simple to sophisticated, vacuum to non-vacuum) for polymer surface modification have been documented in the literature but the Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (APP) treatment has attracted much attention because it offers many advantages vis-a-vis other techniques, namely uniform treatment, continuous operation, no need for vacuum, simplicity, low cost, no environmental or disposal concern, and applicability to large area samples.
Although the emphasis in this book is on the utility of APP treatment for enhancement of polymer adhesion, APP is also applicable and effective to modulate many other surface properties of polymers: superhydrophilicity, superhydrophobicity, anti-fouling, anti-fogging, anti-icing, cell adhesion, biocompatibility, tribological behavior, etc.
The key features of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment of Polymers:
Address design and functions of various types of reactors
Bring out current and potential applications of APP treatment
Represent the cumulative wisdom of many key academic and industry researchers actively engaged in this key and enabling technology
Contents
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xvii
Part 1: Fundamental Aspects 1
1 Combinatorial Plasma-based Surface Modifi cation of Polymers by Means of Plasma Printing with Gas-Carrying Plasma Stamps at Ambient Pressure 3
Alena Hinze, Andrew Marchesseault, Stephanus Büttgenbach, Michael Thomas and Claus-Peter Klages
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 Experimental 7
1.3 Results and Discussion 18
1.4 Conclusions 23
Acknowledgements 23
References 24
2 Treatment of Polymer Surfaces with Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasmas 27
Marcel Šimor and Yves Creyghton
2.1 Introduction 28
2.2 A General Overview of Surface Modification Results Obtained with Surface DBDs 32
2.3 An Overview of Selected Results Obtained at TNO by the SBD 41
2.4 Conclusions 73
References 74
3 Selective Surface Modification of Polymeric Materials by Atmospheric-Pressure Plasmas: Selective Substitution Reactions on Polymer Surfaces by Different Plasmas 83
Norihiro Inagaki
3.1 Introduction 84
3.2 Defl uorination of Poly(tetrafl uoroethylene) Surfaces 86
3.3 Selective Modifi cation of Polymeric Surfaces by Plasma 102
3.4 Summary 120
References 121
4 Permanence of Functional Groups at Polyolefi n Surfaces Introduced by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Pretreatment in Presence of Aerosols 131
R. Mix, J. F. Friedrich and N. Inagaki
4.1 Introduction 131
4.2 Experimental 135
4.3 Results 137
4.4 Discussion 151
4.5 Summary 153
Acknowlegdements 153
References 153
5 Achieving Nano-scale Surface Structure on Wool Fabric by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment 157
C.W. Kan, W.Y.I. Tsoi, C.W.M. Yuen, T.M. Choi and T.B. Tang
5.1 Introduction 158
5.2 Experimental 159
5.3 Results and Discussion 160
5.4 Conclusions 171
Acknowledgements 171
References 172
6 Deposition of Nanosilica Coatings on Plasma Activated Polyethylene Films 175
D. D. Pappas, A. A. Bujanda, J. A. Orlicki, J. D. Demaree, J. K. Hirvonen, R. E. Jensen and S. H. McKnight
6.1 Introduction 175
6.2 Experimental 177
6.3 Results and Discussion 179
6.4 Conclusions 194
Acknowledgement 194
References 195
7 Atmospheric Plasma Treatment of Polymers for Biomedical Applications 199
N. Gomathi, A. K. Chanda and S. Neogi
7.1 Introduction 199
7.2 Plasma for Materials Processing 200
7.3 Atmospheric Plasma Sources 202
7.4 Effects of Plasma on Polymer Surface 206
7.5 Atmospheric Plasma in Biomedical Applications 208
7.6 Conclusion 212
References 212
Part 2 Adhesion Enhancement 217
8 Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Polymerization Surface Treatments by Dielectric Barrier Discharge for Enhanced Polymer-Polymer and Metal-Polymer Adhesion 219
Maryline Moreno-Couranjou, Nicolas D. Boscher, David Duday, Rémy Maurau, Elodie Lecoq and Patrick Choquet
8.1 Introduction 220
8.2 Atmospheric Plasma Polymerization Processes 221
8.3 Atmospheric Plasma Surface Modification for Enhanced Adhesion 223
8.4 Applications of Adhesion Improvement Using Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatments 240
8.5 Conclusion 246
References 246
9 Adhesion Improvement by Nitrogen Functionalization of Polymers Using DBD-based Plasma Sources at Ambient Pressure 251
Michael Thomas, Marko Eichler, Kristina Lachmann, Jochen Borris, Alena Hinze and Claus-Peter Klages
9.1 Introduction 252
9.2 Amino Functionalization with Nitrogen-Containing Gases 253
9.3 Adhesion Promotion by Amino Functionalization with Nitrogen-Containing Gases 262
9.4 Conclusion 270
Acknowledgements 271
References 271
10 Adhesion Improvement of Polypropylene through Aerosol Assisted Plasma Deposition at Atmospheric Pressure 275
Marjorie Dubreuil, Erik Bongaers and Dirk Vangeneugden
10.1 Introduction 276
10.2 Experimental 278
10.3 Results and Discussion 283
10.4 Conclusions 295
Acknowledgments 296
References 296
11 The Effect of Helium-Air, Helium-Water Vapor, Helium-Oxygen, and Helium-Nitrogen Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas on the Adhesion Strength of Polyethylene 299
Victor Rodriguez-Santiago, Andres A. Bujanda, Kenneth E. Strawhecker and Daphne D. Pappas
11.1 Introduction 300
11.2 Experimental Approach 301
11.3 Results and Discussion 304
11.4 Conclusion 311
Acknowledgements 312
References 312
12 Atmospheric Plasma Surface Treatment of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber: Study of Adhesion and Ageing Effects 315
Cátia A. Carreira, Ricardo M. Silva, Vera V. Pinto, Maria José Ferreira, Fernando Sousa, Fernando Silva and Carlos M. Pereira
12.1 Introduction 316
12.2 Experimental 319
12.3 Results and Discussion 320
12.4 Conclusions 325
Acknowledgements 325
References 326
13 Atmospheric Plasma Treatment in Extrusion Coating: Part 1 Surface Wetting and LDPE Adhesion to Paper 329
Mikko Tuominen, J. Lavonen, H. Teisala, M. Stepien and J. Kuusipalo
13.1 Introduction 330
13.2 Experimental 332
13.3 Results and Discussion 336
13.4 Conclusions 350
Acknowledgements 351
References 351
14 Atmospheric Plasma Treatment in Extrusion Coating: Part 2 Surface Modification of LDPE and PP Coated Papers 355
Mikko Tuominen, J. Lavonen, J. Lahti and J. Kuusipalo
14.1 Introduction 356
14.2 Experimental 359
14.3 Results and Discussion 363
14.4 Conclusions 377
Acknowledgements 379
References 379
15 Achieving Enhanced Fracture Toughness of Adhesively Bonded Cured Composite Joint Systems Using Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatments 383
Amsarani Ramamoorthy, Joseph Mohan, Greg Byrne, Neal Murphy, Alojz Ivankovic and Denis P. Dowling
15.1 Introduction 384
15.2 Materials and Methods 385
15.3 Characterisation Techniques 387
15.4 Results and Discussion 388
15.5 Conclusions 393
Acknowledgement 393
References 393
