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基本説明
A "must read" for telecommunication engineers, telecom consultants, professionals and researchers.
Full Description
Extensively updated evaluation of current and future network technologies, applications and devices
This book follows on from its successful predecessor with an introduction to next generation network technologies, mobile devices, voice and multimedia services and the mobile web 2.0. Giving a sound technical introduction to 3GPP wireless systems, this book explains the decisions taken during standardization of the most popular wireless network standards today, LTE, LTE-Advanced and HSPA+. It discusses how these elements strongly influence each other and how network capabilities, available bandwidth, mobile device capabilities and new application concepts will shape the way we communicate in the future. This Second Edition presents a comprehensive and broad-reaching examination of a fast-moving technology which will be a welcome update for researchers and professionals alike.
Key features:
Fully updated and expanded to include new sections including VoLTE, the evolution to 4G, mobile Internet access, LTE-Advanced, Wi-Fi security and backhaul for wireless networks
Describes the successful commercialization of Web 2.0 services such as Facebook, and the emergence of app stores, tablets and smartphones
Examines the evolution of mobile devices and operating systems, including ARM and x86 architecture and their application to voice-optimized and multimedia devices
Contents
Preface xi
1 Evolution from 2G over 3G to 4G 1
1.1 First Half of the 1990s — Voice-Centric Communication 1
1.2 Between 1995 and 2000: The Rise of Mobility and the Internet 1
1.3 Between 2000 and 2005: Dot Com Burst, Web 2.0, Mobile Internet 2
1.4 Between 2005 and 2010: Global Coverage, Fixed Line VoIP, and Mobile Broadband 4
1.5 2010 and Beyond 5
1.6 All over IP in Mobile — The Biggest Challenge 6
1.7 Summary 6
2 Beyond 3G Network Architectures 9
2.1 Overview 9
2.2 UMTS, HSPA, and HSPA+ 10
2.2.1 Introduction 10
2.2.2 Network Architecture 10
2.2.3 Air Interface and Radio Network 19
2.2.4 HSPA (HSDPA and HSUPA) 28
2.2.5 HSPA+ and other Improvements: Competition for LTE 34
2.2.6 Competition for LTE in 5 MHz 43
2.3 Lte 43
2.3.1 Introduction 43
2.3.2 Network Architecture 44
2.3.3 Air Interface and Radio Network 49
2.3.4 Basic Procedures 64
2.3.5 Summary and Comparison with HSPA 67
2.3.6 LTE-Advanced 68
2.4 802.11 Wi-Fi 74
2.4.1 Introduction 74
2.4.2 Network Architecture 76
2.4.3 The Air Interface — From 802.11b to 802.11n 78
2.4.4 Air Interface and Resource Management 83
2.4.5 Basic Procedures 86
2.4.6 Wi-Fi Security 87
2.4.7 Quality of Service: 802.11e 89
2.4.8 Gigabit Speeds with 802.11ac and 802.11ad 90
2.4.9 Summary 91
3 Network Capacity and Usage Scenarios 95
3.1 Usage in Developed Markets and Emerging Economies 95
3.2 How to Control Mobile Usage 96
3.2.1 Per Minute Charging 97
3.2.2 Volume Charging 97
3.2.3 Split Charging 97
3.2.4 Small Screen Flat Rates 97
3.2.5 Strategies to Inform Users when their Subscribed Data Volume is Used Up 98
3.2.6 Mobile Internet Access and Prepaid 98
3.3 Measuring Mobile Usage from a Financial Point of View 99
3.4 Cell Capacity in Downlink 100
3.5 Current and Future Frequency Bands for Cellular Wireless 105
3.6 Cell Capacity in Uplink 106
3.7 Per-User Throughput in Downlink 109
3.8 Per-User Throughput in Uplink 114
3.9 Traffic Estimation Per User 116
3.10 Overall Wireless Network Capacity 117
3.11 Network Capacity for Train Routes, Highways, and Remote Areas 124
3.12 When will GSM be Switched Off? 125
3.13 Cellular Network VoIP Capacity 127
3.14 Wi-Fi VoIP Capacity 130
3.15 Wi-Fi and Interference 132
3.16 Wi-Fi Capacity in Combination with DSL, Cable, and Fiber 134
3.17 Backhaul for Wireless Networks 138
3.18 A Hybrid Cellular/Wi-Fi Network Today and in the Future 143
4 Voice over Wireless 149
4.1 Circuit-Switched Mobile Voice Telephony 150
4.1.1 Circuit Switching 150
4.1.2 A Voice-Optimized Radio Network 151
4.1.3 The Pros of Circuit Switching 151
4.1.4 The Bearer Independent Core Network Architecture 151
4.2 Packet-Switched Voice Telephony 153
4.2.1 Network and Applications are Separate in Packet-Switched Networks 153
4.2.2 Wireless Network Architecture for Transporting IP Packets 154
4.2.3 Benefits of Migrating Voice Telephony to IP 155
4.2.4 Voice Telephony Evolution and Service Integration 155
4.2.5 Voice Telephony over IP: The End of the Operator Monopoly 156
4.3 SIP Telephony over Fixed and Wireless Networks 157
4.3.1 SIP Registration 157
4.3.2 Establishing a SIP Call between Two SIP Subscribers 160
4.3.3 Session Description 162
4.3.4 The Real-Time Transfer Protocol 164
4.3.5 Establishing a SIP Call between a SIP and a PSTN Subscriber 165
4.3.6 Proprietary Components of a SIP System 167
4.3.7 Network Address Translation and SIP 168
4.4 Voice and Related Applications over IMS 169
4.4.1 IMS Basic Architecture 173
4.4.2 The P-CSCF 173
4.4.3 The S-CSCF and Application Servers 175
4.4.4 The I-CSCF and the HSS 177
4.4.5 Media Resource Functions 180
4.4.6 User Identities, Subscription Profiles, and Filter Criteria 181
4.4.7 IMS Registration Process 183
4.4.8 IMS Session Establishment 187
4.4.9 Voice Telephony Interworking with Circuit-Switched Networks 192
4.4.10 Push-to-Talk, Presence, and Instant Messaging 197
4.4.11 Voice Call Continuity, Dual Radio, and Single Radio Approaches 200
4.4.12 IMS with Wireless LAN Hotspots and Private Wi-Fi Networks 203
4.4.13 IMS and TISPAN 207
4.4.14 IMS on the Mobile Device 211
4.4.15 Rich Communication Service (RCS-e) 213
4.4.16 Voice over LTE (VoLTE) 215
4.4.17 Challenges for IMS Rollouts 217
4.4.18 Opportunities for IMS Rollouts 221
4.5 Voice over DSL and Cable with Femtocells 223
4.5.1 Femtocells from the Network Operator's Point of View 225
4.5.2 Femtocells from the User's Point of View 226
4.5.3 Conclusion 227
4.6 Unlicensed Mobile Access and Generic Access Network 228
4.6.1 Technical Background 228
4.6.2 Advantages, Disadvantages, and Pricing Strategies 230
4.7 Network Operator Deployed Voice over IP Alternatives 231
4.7.1 CS Fallback 232
4.7.2 Voice over LTE via GAN 235
4.7.3 Dual-Radio Devices 236
4.8 Over-the-Top (OTT) Voice over IP Alternatives 236
4.9 Which Voice Technology will Reign in the Future? 237
5 Evolution of Mobile Devices and Operating Systems 241
5.1 Introduction 241
5.1.1 The ARM Architecture 243
5.1.2 The x86 Architecture for Mobile Devices 244
5.1.3 Changing Worlds: Android on x86, Windows on ARM 245
5.1.4 From Hardware to Software 246
5.2 The System Architecture for Voice-Optimized Devices 246
5.3 The System Architecture for Multimedia Devices 248
5.4 Mobile Graphics Acceleration 253
5.4.1 2D Graphics 253
5.4.2 3D Graphics 254
5.5 Hardware Evolution 256
5.5.1 Chipset 257
5.5.2 Process Shrinking 259
5.5.3 Displays 260
5.5.4 Batteries 261
5.5.5 Camera and Optics 261
5.5.6 Global Positioning, Compass, 3D Orientation 263
5.5.7 Wi-Fi 265
5.5.8 Bluetooth 267
5.5.9 NFC, RFID, and Mobile Payment 268
5.5.10 Physical Keyboards 271
5.5.11 TV Receivers 272
5.5.12 TV-Out, Mobile Projectors, and DLNA 272
5.6 Multimode, Multifrequency Terminals 273
5.7 Wireless Notebook Connectivity 276
5.8 Impact of Hardware Evolution on Future Data Traffic 277
5.9 Power Consumption and User Interface as the Dividing Line in Mobile Device Evolution 279
5.10 Feature Phone Operating Systems 280
5.10.1 Java Platform Micro Edition 281
5.10.2 Brew 281
5.11 Smartphone Operating Systems 282
5.11.1 Apple iOS 282
5.11.2 Google Android 283
5.11.3 Android, Open Source, and its Positive Influence on Innovation 285
5.11.4 Other Smartphone Operating Systems 285
5.11.5 Fracturization 287
5.12 Operating System Tasks 288
5.12.1 Multitasking 288
5.12.2 Memory Management 288
5.12.3 File Systems and Storage 290
5.12.4 Input and Output 290
5.12.5 Network Support 291
5.12.6 Security 291
6 Mobile Web 2.0, Apps, and Owners 297
6.1 Overview 297
6.2 (Mobile) Web 1.0 — How Everything Started 298
6.3 Web 2.0 — Empowering the User 299
6.4 Web 2.0 from the User's Point of View 299
6.4.1 Blogs 300
6.4.2 Media Sharing 300
6.4.3 Podcasting 300
6.4.4 Advanced Search 301
6.4.5 User Recommendation 302
6.4.6 Wikis — Collective Writing 302
6.4.7 Social Networking Sites 303
6.4.8 Web Applications 304
6.4.9 Mashups 304
6.4.10 Virtual Worlds 305
6.4.11 Long-Tail Economics 305
6.5 The Ideas behind Web 2.0 306
6.5.1 The Web as a Platform 306
6.5.2 Harnessing Collective Intelligence 306
6.5.3 Data is the next Intel Inside 307
6.5.4 End of the Software Release Cycle 308
6.5.5 Lightweight Programing Models 308
6.5.6 Software above the Level of a Single Device 309
6.5.7 Rich User Experience 309
6.6 Discovering the Fabrics of Web 2.0 310
6.6.1 Html 310
6.6.2 Ajax 311
6.6.3 Aggregation 314
6.6.4 Tagging and Folksonomy 316
6.6.5 Open Application Programing Interfaces 318
6.6.6 Open Source 320
6.7 Mobile Web 2.0 — Evolution and Revolution of Web 2.0 321
6.7.1 The Seven Principles of Web 2.0 in the Mobile World 322
6.7.2 Advantages of Connected Mobile Devices 325
6.7.3 Access to Local Resources for Web Apps 328
6.7.4 2D Barcodes and Near Field Communication (NFC) 329
6.7.5 Web Page Adaptation for Mobile Devices 330
6.8 (Mobile) Web 2.0 and Privacy and Security Considerations 334
6.8.1 On-Page Cookies 334
6.8.2 Inter-Site Cookies 336
6.8.3 Flash Shared Objects 336
6.8.4 Session Tracking 337
6.8.5 HTML5 Security and Privacy Considerations 338
6.8.6 Private Information and Personal Data in the Cloud 338
6.9 Mobile Apps 340
6.9.1 App Stores and Ecosystem Approaches 341
6.10 Android App Programing Introduction 342
6.10.1 The Eclipse Programing Environment 342
6.10.2 Android and Object Oriented Programing 342
6.10.3 A Basic Android Program 344
6.11 Impact of Mobile Apps on Networks and Power Consumption 349
6.12 Mobile Apps Security and Privacy Considerations 351
6.12.1 Wi-Fi Eavesdropping 352
6.12.2 Access to Private Data by Apps 352
6.12.3 User Tracking by Apps and the Operating System 353
6.12.4 Third-Party Information Leakage 354
6.13 Summary 354
7 Conclusion 357
Index 361
