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"With this book, Robin Guenther and Gail Vittori show us how critical our green building mission is to the future of human health and secures a lasting legacy that will continue to challenge and focus the green building movement, the healthcare industry, and the world for years to come."
—From the Foreword by Rick Fedrizzi, President, CEO and Founding Chair, U.S. Green Building Council INDISPENSABLE REFERENCE FOR THE FUTURE OF SUSTAINABLE HEALTHCARE DESIGN
Written by a leading healthcare architect named one of Fast Company's 100 most creative people in business and a sustainability expert recognized by Time magazine as a Green Innovator, Sustainable Healthcare Architecture, Second Edition is fully updated to incorporate the latest sustainable design approaches and information as applied to hospitals and other healthcare facilities. It is the essential guide for architects, interior designers, engineers, healthcare professionals, and administrators who want to create healthy environments for healing.
Special features of this edition include:
55 new project case studies, including comparisons of key sustainability indicators for general and specialty hospitals, sub-acute and ambulatory care facilities, and mixed-use buildings
New and updated guest contributor essays spanning a range of health-focused sustainable design topics
Evolving research on the value proposition for sustainable healthcare buildings
Profiles of five leading healthcare systems and their unique sustainability journeys, including the UK National Health Service, Kaiser Permanente, Partners HealthCare, Providence Health & Services, and Gundersen Health System
Focus on the intersection of healthcare, resilience, and a health promotion imperative in the face of extreme weather events
Comparison of healthcare facility-focused green building rating systems from around the world
Sustainable Healthcare Architecture, Second Edition is an indispensable resource for anyone interested in the design, construction, and operation of state-of-the-art sustainable healthcare facilities.
Contents
Foreword xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Key Sustainability Indicators and Infographic xvii
PART 1 CONTEXT 1
CHAPTER 1 DESIGN AND STEWARDSHIP 3
INTRODUCTION 3
THE CASE FOR STEWARDSHIP 4
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 7
THE PROFESSION OF ARCHITECTURE 7
THE ETHICAL CHALLENGE FOR DESIGNERS 10
ECOLOGICAL DESIGN 10
CLEANER PRODUCTION 11
THE PATRICK H. DOLLARD DISCOVERY HEALTH CENTER 12
LIFE CYCLE THINKING 14
CRADLE-TO-CRADLE DESIGN 16
LIVING BUILDINGS 17
ESSAY
LIVING BUILDINGS AND A RESTORATIVE FUTURE by Jason F. McLennan 18
CONCLUSION—THE NEXT GENERATION 21
CHAPTER 2 THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN HEALTH 23
INTRODUCTION 23
THE GLOBAL IMPACTS OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT 24
CLIMATE CHANGE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 25
ESSAY
WHERE WE HEAL: THE IMPORTANCE OF HEALTHCARE BUILDINGS TO
OUR HEALTH AND THE PLANET'S by Aaron Bernstein, MD 27
URBAN PLANNING AND PUBLIC HEALTH 28
SPRAWL AND AIR QUALITY 31
SMART GROWTH AND HEALTHY CITIES 32
ACTIVE DESIGN 33
ESSAY
ACTIVE DESIGN: CONVERGING DESIGN EFFORTS TO PROMOTE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AND ADDRESS TODAY'S LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH
by Karen K. Lee, MD and Joyce S. Lee 34
AIR POLLUTION 36
WATER POLLUTION AND SCARCITY 38
GAVIOTAS HOSPITAL 40
INDOOR AIR QUALITY 41
CONCLUSION—THE FUTURE 41
CHAPTER 3 ENVIRONMENT AND MEDICINE 45
INTRODUCTION 45
THE STATE OF HEALTH IN THE WORLD 46
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 47
ECOLOGICAL MEDICINE 49
PROTEA HEALTH 52
HEALTHCARE AND THE ENVIRONMENT 54
ESSAY
TRANSFORMING HEALTHCARE by Gary Cohen 55
THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE 59
MEDICINE'S ROLE IN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT 59
CONCLUSION 60
CHAPTER 4 NATURE AND HEALING 65
INTRODUCTION 65
THE TRADITION OF NATURE AND HEALING 66
THE THERAPEUTIC SPA MOVEMENT 66
NATURE RECONSIDERED 67
BIOPHILIA 68
BIOPHILIC DESIGN PRINCIPLES 69
URBANIZATION AND NATURE 70
LANDSCAPE PERCEPTION 70
HEALING LANDSCAPE 70
SIDNEY AND LOIS ESKENAZI HOSPITAL AND HEALTH CAMPUS 72
SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE 78
CONCLUSION 79
PART 2 ACTUALIZING THE VISION 81
CHAPTER 5 IMPROVING PERFORMANCE 83
INTRODUCTION 83
TOOLS AND METRICS 84
LESSONS LEARNED FROM PIONEERS 95
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION—PROVIDENCE NEWBERG MEDICAL CENTER 96
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION—DELL CHILDREN'S MEDICAL CENTER OF CENTRAL TEXAS 97
RESOURCE EFFICIENCY 98
ESSAY
ENERGY STAR®: IT'S NOT JUST A SCORE; IT'S A GOAL AND A STRATEGY by Clark Reed 101
LEGACY SALMON CREEK 104
ENERGY END USE MONITORING 105
ESSAY
TARGETING 100! by Heather Burpee and Joel Loveland 105
THE TOXIC-FREE HOSPITAL 119
ESSAY
THE PBT-FREE CHALLENGE by Tom Lent 121
TOOLS FOR DESIGNERS AND SPECIFIERS TO DE-SELECT TOXICANTS 124
VISUALIZING THE PATH AHEAD 125
CONCLUSION 126
CASE STUDIES
01 Dell Children's Medical Center of Central Texas, Austin, TX 127
02 OHSU Center for Health and Healing, Portland, OR 131
03 Peace Island Medical Center, Friday Harbor, San Juan Island, WA 134
04 Sherman Hospital, Elgin, IL 137
05 Kiowa County Memorial Hospital, Greensburg, KS 139
06 Kohinoor Hospital, Mumbai, India 141
07 The Dyson Centre for Neonatal Care, Royal United Hospital, Bath, England 144
08 St. Mary's Hospital Sechelt Addition, Sechelt, BC, Canada 146
09 New Karolinska Solna University Hospital, Stockholm County, Sweden 148
10 UCSF Medical Center at Mission Bay, San Francisco, CA 151
11 Lucile Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford, Palo Alto, CA 154
CHAPTER 6 MEASURING VALUE 161
INTRODUCTION 161
HEALTHCARE AND THE TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE 162
THE ECONOMICS OF SUSTAINABLE HEALTHCARE 163
ESSAY
LEED CERTIFIED HOSPITALS: PERSPECTIVES ON CAPITAL COST PREMIUMS AND OPERATIONAL BENEFITS by Breeze Glazer, Robin Guenther, and Gail Vittori 166
TRADING CAPITAL COST FOR OPERATIONAL SAVINGS 174
CROSSING THE CAPITAL-OPERATIONS CHASM: PROVIDENCE HEALTH & SERVICES 175
CAN SUSTAINABLE HOSPITALS BEND THE HEALTH CARE COST CURVE? 176
THE SOCIAL VALUE OF SUSTAINABLE HEALTHCARE 177
DELL CHILDREN'S MEDICAL CENTER OF CENTRAL TEXAS POST-OCCUPANCY EVALUATION 178
THE LIVING BUILDING FINANCIAL STUDY 180
CONCLUSION 183
CHAPTER 7 LESSONS FROM HEALTH SYSTEMS 185
UNITED KINGDOM'S NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE 185
GUY'S HOSPITAL TOWER, LONDON 191
CASE STUDIES
12 Mittal Children's Medical Centre, London, United Kingdom 193
13 The Bluestone Unit, Craigavon Area Hospital, Craigavon, Northern Ireland 196
14 New South West Acute Hospital, Enniskillen, Northern Ireland 199
SYSTEM PROFILE: Partners Healthcare 202
15 The Lunder Building, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 209
16 Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA 212
SYSTEM PROFILE: Providence Health & Services 215
PROVIDENCE NEWBERG: Five Lessons Learned 217
17 Providence Newberg Medical Center, Newberg, OR 219
18 Providence St. Peter Hospital, Olympia, WA 221
SYSTEM PROFILE: Gundersen Health System 224
19 Gundersen LaCrosse Hospital Addition 228
SYSTEM PROFILE: Kaiser Permanente 231
KAISER PERMANENTE'S JOURNEY TO SUSTAINABILITY 234
20 Small Hospital, Big Idea Competition 236
PART 3 SUSTAINABLE HEALTHCARE TODAY 243
CHAPTER 8 GLOBAL SURVEY 245
CASE STUDIES
21 Akershus University Hospital, Loreskøg, Norway 245
22 Butaro Hospital, Burera District, Rwanda 252
23 Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, The Netherlands 257
Trias Energetica 260
24 First People's Hospital, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China 263
25 Hospital Universitario San Vincente de Paul, Rionegro, Colombia 268
26 Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, The Republic of Singapore 272
27 Portadown Health and Care Centre, Portadown, Northern Ireland 278
28 REHAB Centre for Spinal Cord and Brain Injuries, Basel, Switzerland 284
29 Reina Sofi a Foundation Alzheimer Centre, Ensanche de Vallecas, Madrid, Spain 291
30 The New Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 297
31 Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 304
32 Salam Centre for Cardiac Surgery, Soba (Khartoum), Sudan 314
33 Santa Lucia University General Hospital, Cartagena, Spain 315
34 St. Bartholomew's and The Royal London Hospitals, London, England 322
35 Swedish Medical Center, Issaquah, WA 329
Ten Lessons Learned 333
36 Ysbyty Aneurin Bevan (Aneurin Bevan Hospital), Ebbw Vale, Blaenau Gwent, Wales 335
PART 4 VISIONING THE FUTURE 341
CHAPTER 9 TOWARD A NEW LANGUAGE OF FORM 343
INTRODUCTION 343
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN HOSPITAL 344
RIKSHOSPITALET-RADIUMHOSPITALET MEDICAL CENTRE 348
DOUBLING DAYLIGHT 351
CASE STUDIES
37 Martini Hospital, Groningen, The Netherland 361
38 Arras Hospital Centre, Arras, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France 365
39 Pediatric and Cardiac Center of the Innsbruck University Clinic, Innsbruck, Austria 368
40 Helsingør Psychiatric Clinic, Helsingør (Elsinore), Denmark 371
41 Rhine Ordinance Barracks Medical Center Replacement, Kaiserslautern, Germany 375
42 Ng Teng Fong General Hospital and Jurong Community Hospital, The Republic of Singapore 378
43 Nanaimo Regional General Hospital Emergency Department Addition, Nanaimo, BC, Canada 381
44 Seattle Children's Bellevue Clinic, Bellevue, WA 384
45 Pictou Landing Mi'Kmaq Community Health Centre, Trenton, Nova Scotia, Canada 386
46 Kenya Women's and Children's Wellness Centre, Nairobi, Kenya 390
47 Tata Medical Centre Cancer Hospital, Kolkata, India 392
48 CBF [Centre pour le Bien-être des Femmes] Women's Health Centre, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 395
CHAPTER 10 CREATING THE TWENTY-FIRST-CENTURY HOSPITAL 399
INTRODUCTION 399
TWENTY-FIRST-CENTURY HEALTHCARE 401
CONCLUSION 412
CASE STUDIES
49 The Ubuntu Centre, Zwide Township, Port Elizabeth, South Africa 414
50 Jubilee Gardens Health Centre and Library, London, England 417
51 Old Town Recovery Center, Portland, OR 419
52 Waldron Health Centre, Lewisham, South London, England 422
53 Mirebalais National Teaching Hospital, Mirebalais, Haiti 426
54 Embassy Medical Center, Colombo, Sri Lanka 429
55 All Ukrainian Health Protection Centre for Mothers and Children, Kiev, Ukraine 432
INDEX 435
