Full Description
Universities and public research institutes play a key role in enabling the application of scientific breakthroughs and innovations in the marketplace. Many countries - developed and developing alike - have implemented national strategies to support the application or commercialization of knowledge produced by public research organizations. Universities and public research institutes have introduced practices to support these activities, for instance by including knowledge transfer to promote innovation as a core part of their mission. As a result, a vital question for policymakers is how to improve the efficiency of these knowledge transfer practices to help maximize innovation-driven growth and/or to seek practical solutions to critical societal challenges. This book aims to develop a conceptual framework to evaluate knowledge transfer practices and outcomes; to improve knowledge transfer metrics, surveys and evaluation frameworks; and to generate findings on what works and what does not, and to propose related policy lessons. This book is also available as Open Access.
Contents
Part I. Setting the Context: 1. The evolving role of public R&D and public research institutions in innovation Suma Athreye, Sacha Wunsch-Vincent; 1.1. Comment Fabio Montobbio; 1.2. Comment Lien Verbauwhede Koglin; 2. Evaluating knowledge transfer policies and practices: conceptual framework and metrics Anthony Arundel and Sacha Wunsch-Vincent; 2.1. Comment Bhaven Sampat; 2.2. Comment Ragan Robertson; 2.3. Comment Rosemary Wolson; 3. Measuring global patenting of universities and public research organizations Juan Yang, Intan Hamdan-Livramento, Bruno Le Feuvre, Sacha Wunsch-Vincent and Hao Zhou; Part II. Selected Comparative Country Studies; 4. United Kingdom Federica Rossi, Suma Athreye; 5. Germany Dirk Czarnitzki, Georg Licht; 6. Republic of Korea Keun Lee, Hochul Shin; 7. Brazil Fernanda De Negri, Cristiane Vianna Rauen; 8. China Baoming Chen, Can Huang, Chunyan Peng, Minglei Ding, Ning Huang, Xia Liu and Juan Yang; 9. South Africa Michael Kahn; Part III. The Way Forward: 10. Policies and practices for supporting successful knowledge transfer from public research to firms Anthony Arundel; 10.1. Comment Henri J. M. Theunissen; 10.2. Comment Kerry Faul; 11. Policy recommendations: aiming for effective knowledge transfer policies in high- and middle-income countries Suma Athreye, Federica Rossi; 11.1. Comment Antenor Cesar Vanderlei Corrêa, Fernanda Magalhães; 11.2. Comment Si Kyong Sung; 12. Toward a comprehensive set of metrics for knowledge transfer Anthony Arundel, Nordine Es-Sadki; 12.1. Comment Philippe Kuhutama Mawoko; 12.2. Comment Giancarlo Caratti; 12.3. Comment Amit Shovon Ray.
