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Drugs and the Neuroscience of Behavior: An Introduction to Psychopharmacology, Fourth Edition offers a highly current and accessible overview of the fundamental concepts and principles of psychopharmacology.
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Author
Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychopharmacology
Psychopharmacology
Why Read a Book on Psychopharmacology?
What Is a Drug?
Psychoactive Drugs Are Described by Manner of Use
Generic, Brand, Chemical, and Street Names for Drugs
Drug Effects Correspond With Doses
Objective and Subjective Effects of Psychoactive Drugs
Study Designs and the Assessment of Psychoactive Drugs
Validity and the Interpretation of Study Findings
Ethical Considerations in Research
From Actions to Effects: Therapeutic Drug Development
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 2: The Nervous System
Cells in the Nervous System
The Nervous System
The Central Nervous System
Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebrospinal Fluid
Genes and the Physiological Processes of Cells
From Actions to Effects: Advances in Therapeutic Use of CRISPR Genetic Technology
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 3: Neurotransmission
Electrical Events Within a Neuron and the Release of Neurotransmitters
Electrical Potentials Along Axons
Propagation of Action Potentials Down Axons
Neurotransmitters: Signaling Molecules for Neuronal Communication
Neurotransmitters and Receptors
Types of Neurotransmitters
Other Types of Chemical Transmission in the Nervous System
From Actions to Effects: Probiotics and Mental Health
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 4: Properties of Drugs
Pharmacokinetic Properties of Drugs
Pharmacodynamic Properties of Drugs
Psychoactive Drugs and Receptors
Adapting to Chronic Drug Use
From Actions to Effects: Environmental Neurotoxicology
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 5: Recreational Substances and Substance Use Disorders
Regulation of Controlled Substances
Defining and Diagnosing Problematic Drug Use
Risk Factors for Substance Use Disorders
Theoretical Models and the Features of Substance Use Disorders
Recreational Substances and Reward Circuitry
Chronic Use of Recreational Substances and Changes to Learning and Memory Systems
Neurobiology and the Stages of Drug Addiction
Mortality and Substance Use Disorders
Psychological and Pharmacological Therapies for Treating Substance Use Disorders
From Actions to Effects: Food Addiction
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
A Final Note About Problematic Drug Use
Chapter 6: Psychostimulants
Psychostimulants: Herbal Products, Prescription Drugs, and Recreational Substances
Pharmacokinetics of Psychostimulants
Psychostimulants and Monoamine Neurotransmitters
Pharmacological Effects of Psychostimulants
From Actions to Effects: Psychostimulants as Cognitive Enhancers and Treatments for ADHD
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 7: Nicotine and Caffeine
Nicotine and Tobacco
History of Tobacco
Pharmacokinetic Properties of Tobacco
Nicotine's Effects on Neurotransmission
Nicotine's Pharmacological Effects
Differences in Smoking Characteristics
From Actions to Effects: Why People Smoke and How They Quit
Caffeine
Caffeine Pharmacokinetics
Caffeine: Antagonist for Adenosine Receptors
Caffeine: Mild Psychostimulant Effects
Tolerance and Withdrawal During Sustained Caffeine Use
From Actions to Effects: Caffeine Habit?
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 8: Depressants
Types of Depressant Substances
Depressants and GABA Neurotransmission
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Z-Drugs
Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
Inhalants
Other Depressant Substances
From Actions to Effects: Discriminative Stimulus Properties of Depressant Drugs
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 9: Alcohol
Alcohol Production Through Fermentation and Distillation
A Brief History of Alcohol
Pharmacokinetic Factors and Alcohol's Effects
Alcohol and Interactions With Other Drugs
Alcohol and Central Nervous System Functioning
Pharmacological Effects of Alcohol
Adverse Effects of Alcohol
Tolerance and Sensitization to Alcohol
Alcohol Use Disorder and Withdrawal
Treating Alcohol Use Disorder
From Actions to Effects: Hangover
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 10: Opioids
Opioids: Natural and Synthetic
History of Opioids
Pharmacokinetic Properties of Opioids
Opioid Drugs and the Endogenous Opioid System
Opioid Drugs Are Classified by Receptor Actions
Opioids and the Reward System
Opioids and Pain
Opioid Rewarding and Analgesic Effects
From Actions to Effects: Pharmacological Approaches for Treating Opioid Use Disorder
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 11: Cannabinoids
Cannabinoids and the Cannabis Plant
History of Cannabis
Methods of Cannabis Preparation and Use
Cannabinoid Compounds and the Endocannabinoid System
Physiological Effects of Cannabinoids
Behavioral and Cognitive Effects of Cannabinoids
Subjective Effects of Cannabinoids
Cannabis Use Disorder
Health Risks of Cannabis
From Actions to Effects: Medical Use of Cannabinoids
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 12: Psychedelic Drugs
Serotonergic Psychedelic Drugs
Entactogens
Glutaminergic Psychedelic Drugs
Other Psychedelic Drugs
From Actions to Effects: Synesthesia
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 13: Antipsychotic Drugs
Mental Disorders
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia's Complex Neurobiological Profile
A Brief History of Schizophrenia and Its Treatment
Neurotransmission Hypotheses for Schizophrenia
Typical and Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs
Other Treatments for Schizophrenia
Antipsychotic Drugs and the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Antipsychotic Drugs and Parkinson's Disease Psychosis
From Actions to Effects: Antipsychotic Drug Actions and Neurotransmission in Schizophrenia
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 14: Treatments for Depression and Bipolar Disorder
Depression
Antidepressant Drugs
Limitations in Antidepressant Drug Effectiveness and Development
Pharmacogenetic Factors in Antidepressant Treatment
Combination Drug Strategies for Treating Depression
Combining Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy for Treating Depression
Antidepressant Drug Actions on Neurotransmission and Neuronal Growth
Bipolar Disorder
Pharmacological Treatments for Bipolar Disorder
From Actions to Effects: Psychedelic Drugs and Unique Antidepressant Effects
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 15: Treatments for Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Structures Involved in Fear and Anxiety
Anxious Feelings, the Amygdala, and the Sympathetic Nervous System
Stress and the HPA Axis
Treatment of Anxiety, OCD, and PTSD
Antidepressant Drugs for the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders, OCD, and PTSD
MDMA Treatment for PTSD
From Actions to Effects: How Do Antidepressant Drugs Reduce Anxiety?
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Glossary
Endnotes
References
