Full Description
Arif Naveed's scholarship offers an in-depth analysis of whether the promise of social mobility offered by the expansion of education in Pakistan has been delivered. It asks how education has impacted on the national poverty-education gap and whether education succeeds at a local level, given the powerful constraints associated with the social structure in rural Punjab.
The volume offers new theoretical and methodological tools for the study of social and economic mobility through education in a Southern context. The historical analysis of Pakistan's educational reform and large-scale national statistical data sets uncovers the changing nature of the origins-education-destinations triangle. Using an innovative Habitus Listening Guide, the voices of fathers, mothers, sons and daughters reveal their aspirations and strategies to achieve taraqqi ('a better life'), despite the social closure strategies used by the elite and the material realities that the disadvantaged face.
Compiled posthumously by a team of leading academics, this rich multi-dimensional study of education's impact will be of interest to scholars and researchers in the fields of social mobility studies, international and comparative education, post-colonial studies, rural development and South Asian studies. Policy-makers will appreciate Naveed's key insights about how to ensure that the education promise is fulfilled for all.
Contents
Author's Acknowledgements
Editors' Acknowledgements
List of Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Tables
Permissions
Editors' Prologue: Madeleine Arnot, Joe Devine, Hugh Lauder, Mathilde Maîtrot and Geof Wood
Foreword: Kamal Munir, Deputy Vice-Chancellor (University Community and Engagement) and Professor of Strategy and Policy, University of Cambridge
PART I: RECONCEPTUALISING SOCIAL MOBILITY IN SOUTHERN CONTEXTS: A SOCIO-ECONOMIC LENS
Chapter 1 The educational promise: An introduction
Internationalising the educational promise
Structure of the book
Chapter 2 Conceptualising and researching social mobility in Southern poverty contexts
Conceptualising intergenerational social mobility
Models of socially bounded rationality: Boudon, Bourdieu and social closure theory
Intergenerational mobility research in the Global South
Social mobility within a pentagonal rural social structure
Towards a new model
PART II: PROMOTING EDUCATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MOBILITY IN PAKISTAN
Chapter 3 The opening up of educational opportunities: economic agendas and educational policies (1947-2017)
Inter-temporal policy analysis
Pervasive social inequality and shifting political agendas (1947-2010)
Economic growth through the education of the elite: the first two waves (1947-1969)
The third wave - political conflict and egalitarian ideals (1969-1988)
The fourth wave - international influences and the 'drama of underdevelopment' (1988-2010)
Pakistan's economic and education development journey
Chapter 4 A socially- structured education mobility framework: intergenerational change between 1950 and 2014
Conceptualising the social structuring of rationality and educational mobility
Education as an institutional form of cultural capital and maximally maintained inequality (MMI)
The association between economic and cultural capital and intergenerational mobility matrics
Social structural pathways of education mobility and transmissions of inequality
Change over time
Concluding remarks: a socially structured educational mobility framework
Chapter 5 Intergenerational social mobility: Does education make a difference?
Education and social mobility: an empirical strategy
Household economic status: intergenerational transitions and mobility metrics
Parental schooling and intergenerational household social mobility
Returns to human capital and intergenerational mobility: an exploratory OLS regression analysis
Fixed effect model of intergenerational social mobility
Concluding remarks
Appendix 5.1: The variables used to analyse the national data
Appendix 5.2: Ordinary Least Squares Regression for the schooling of sons and daughters 2010 (complete sample)
PART III: THE EDUCATIONAL PROMISE: BREAKING OUT OF POVERTY STRUCTURES IN RURAL PUNJAB
Chapter 6 An embedded case study of a Punjab village
Finding the village, finding the families
Research instruments
Ethics in fieldwork
The return visit and the prospect of taraqqi ['a better life']
Building the Habitus Listening Guide
References
Chapter 7 Researching family lives, schooling and structural inequality: the power of the Habitus Listening Guide
Listening to the social structure: educational biographies in a field of power
Horizontal intergenerational listening: chronological educational narratives
Vertical gendered listenings: the internalisation of male domination
Mythic-ritual listening: a spiritual poem of fate and duty
The power of the Habitus Listening Guide
Chapter 8 Overriding social inequality? Educational aspirations versus material realities of rural families
Conceptualising aspirations in the rural social structure
Socially-structured meanings, norms and values
A sense of limits and sense of realities
Discussion
Chapter 9 More snakes than ladders: Mass schooling, social closure and the pursuit of taraqqi ['a better life']
Power relations, social closure and educational outcomes
Five modes of social closure
Conclusion
Chapter 10 Between resistance and resignation: The educational, occupational and marital usurpationary strategies of disadvantaged families
Usurpational strategies of the disadvantaged
Using schooling within a socially-embedded labour market
Learning a trade and escaping the socialscape
Achieving inclusion within the networks of patronage
Investing in sacred capital (religious networks)
Maritocracy - differentiating educational strategies by gender.
Concluding remarks
Chapter 11. Rethinking the education promise: concluding thoughts about social mobility and the lives of the poor
Social mobility and educational provision: the official view
Intergenerational educational mobility
From educational to social mobility
From patterns to perspectives: taraqqi and schooling
Methodological and theoretical reflections
The impact of schooling on poverty: a theory of change
Arif Naveed's Publications
Index
