- ホーム
- > 洋書
- > 英文書
- > Science / Mathematics
Full Description
Every Molecule Matters is a successor to the author's earlier Every Molecule Tells a Story and tells the story of a wide range of molecules.
These range from the familiar odours that enhance the pleasure of eating (and the spices that add piquancy) to the vitamins vital to our survival, as well as the ways in which insects and plants use chemicals to protect themselves. There's controversy surrounding the compounds of chlorine, which encompass life‑supporting anaesthetics and natural antibiotics, as well as insecticides like DDT, which saved innumerable lives but became an environmental cause célèbre. Through the addictive power of nicotine, smoking tobacco transformed from a curiosity imported from the Americas into a megapound industry that has caused significant human illness and death. And how safe is vaping? Discover the painkillers that have become drugs of abuse, and smile at the smelly sulfur compounds that serve as unpleasant human odorants (and defence molecules for skunks), control natural cycles in the environment or act as flavourings in wine. You will discover them all here.
This book showcases the structures of hundreds of compounds used by humans, animals and plants. Some are beneficial; some are not. Find out here why you should be better informed about them.
• This collection of molecules includes human issues, such as the chemistry of vaping, and drugs of abuse, including 'spice', nitazenes and fentanyl.
• 'Chemistry of Everyday' includes vitamins and the molecules that give foods their aromas and appetizing appeal.
• The chemistry of nature ‑ how plants and insects use chemicals to defend themselves against potential predators, whether humans, birds, animals or other insects.
• Organohalogen compounds, encompassing the atmosphere-damaging CFCs and their replacements, and the chlorine compounds that are important medicines (e.g. vancomycin).
• Using isotopes, from archaeologists faced by mysteries of ancient Rome and silver from Spanish conquistadors, to tracking down the origin of South American cocaine and solving the 'Scissor Sister' murder case.
Contents
Preface
The Author
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1 Food
[Abstract, Keywords]
Introduction
Carbohydrates
Polysaccharides
Amino acids and Proteins
Aminoacids
Polypeptides and proteins
Lipids
Taste Sensations
Meat
Cheese
Blue cheeses
Lactose and Camembert
Cheddar
Bread
Baking
Potato
Raw potatoes
Boiled potatoes
Baked potatoes
Potato chips
Mushrooms
Puffball mushrooms
Onions
Fresh onions
Cooked onions
Tomatoes
Strawberries
Wild strawberries
Oranges and lemons
Orange juice and limonene isomer smells
Chapter 2 Vitamins
[Abstract, Keywords]
Introduction
Vitamin A
Vitamin B1, Thiamin
Vitamin B2, Riboflavin
Vitamin B3, Niacin
Vitamin B5, Pantothenic acid
Vitamin B6, Pyridoxine
Vitamin B7, Biotin
Vitamin B9, Folic acid
Vitamin B12, Cobalamin
Vitamin C, L-Ascorbic acid
Vitamin D, Calciferol
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
Chapter 3 Hot and Cold
[Abstract, Keywords]
Introduction
Spices and 'hot'
Capsaicin
The TRPV1 receptor
Black pepper
Ginger
Clove
Nutmeg
Cinnamon
Szechuan peppers
Cool and menthol
How menthol works
Carvone
A new minty molecule
Mustard
Chapter 4 Abused Painkillers and Other Drugs of Abuse
[Abstract, Keywords]
Opium
Morphine
Heroin
Fentanyl
Carfentanil and other powerful fentanyls
Oxycodone and Oxycontin
Krokodil
Spice
Nitazenes
Chapter 5 Nasty Smells
[Abstract, Keywords]
Introduction
Hydrogen sulphide
Dimethylsulfide
Dimethyldisulfide and the titan arum
Thiols
Skunks
Personal hygiene - and wines
Trimethylamine
The Smell of the Living and the Dead
The scent of death
Molecules and Mosquitoes
Euglossine bees
Chapter 6 War and Peace
[Abstract, Keywords]
Introduction
Cut grass and green aroma
Plant defence
Weaponised insects
Out of detective novels
Blister beetles
Plants attracting insects
Insect repellents
Chapter 7 Organochlorine Compounds
[Abstract, Keywords]
Introduction
Organic chlorine compounds
Chloromethane
Pesticides and DDT
Dieldrin and Aldrin
Chlorinated medicines
Chlorinated phenols
Natural germ-killers from the earth
Teicoplanin
Chloramphenicol
Halogenated Compounds from Marine Fungi
Another killer
Chapter 8 Organofluorine Compounds
[Abstract, Keywords]
Introduction
CFCs, serendipity and a serious problem
Other organofluorine compounds
Other problematic organofluorine compounds
A natural problem
Fluorinated pharmaceuticals
Anaesthetics
Blood substitutes
Perfluorocubane
Chapter 9 Smoking and Vaping
[Abstract, Keywords]
Smoking
Nicotine
Health effects of smoking
Toxic chemicals in tobacco
Vaping
Metal heating elements and metal pieces
Solvents
Flavourings
Diacetyl
Benzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde and vanillin
Vitamin E acetate
Nicotine analogues
Student vaping
Conclusions and summary
Chapter 10 Isotopes
[Abstract, Keywords]
Isotopes
What's the difference between H2O and D2O?
Lead isotopes
Coinage and Isotopes
Uranium isotopes and their separation
Carbon isotopes
Detecting food fraud
Radiocarbon
Fraudulent white truffles
Isoscapes
Carbon in foods
Strontium isotopes
Isotopes and drugs
King Richard III
Isotopes in solving crimes
The Welsh case
The 'Scissor Sisters' case
An unsolved crime .... five thousand years ago.
Chapter 11 Methane
[Abstract, Keywords]
Introduction and historical background
Wood, coal and coal gas
Coal, the environment and smogs
Natural gas and methane.
Methane, a greenhouse gas
Bibliography
