Full Description
Forensic Document Examination in the 21st Century covers the latest technology and techniques providing a complete resource on contemporary issues and methods in forensic document examination. Forensic document examiners provide their findings as expert testimony in court. Due to rapid changes in technology, including digital documents, printing and photocopying capabilities, and more, there is a great need for this up-to-date reference.
The examination of documents can include comparison of handwriting or hand-printing; detection of alterations or photocopier and computer manipulation; restoration or decipherment of erased and obliterated writing; visualization of latent impressions; the identification of printing processes; and differentiation of inks. Computer-generated documents are prevalent, and electronically-captured signatures are becoming more widespread, meaning the knowledge of advances in technology and adoption of new validated techniques and methods of document examination are crucial to the reliability of forensic opinions.
Forensic Document Examination in the 21st Century includes the latest research on the subject and with contributions from leading experts on their various areas of expertise. The book will be a welcome addition to the literature and support the foundational basis for methods and procedures for use it expert testimony in court, serving as a resource for forensic document examiners, trainees, and those in the criminal and legal communities who use the services of expert document examiners and witnesses
Contents
Contents
Preface xi
Editors xiii
Contributors xv
Section I Modern Standards,
Theory, and Practices
1 Forensic Document Examiner Training 3
Brett M. D. Bishop
2 Standards in Forensic Document Examination 7
Rigo Vargas
3 The Logical Approach to Evidence Evaluation 9
R. Brent Ostrum
4 Cognitive Bias and Handwriting Examination: Concepts, Current
Knowledge, and Future Practice 35
Mara L. Merlino
5 Forensic Intelligence 55
Samiah Ibrahim
6 Expert Testimony: The Path to the Jury 63
Lucinda Risi
Section II Handwriting Topics and Research
7 Development of Habitual Handwriting Characteristics in
Elementary School Students 73
Lisa M. Hanson and Marie E. Durina
8 Evaluation of Handwriting Evidence 81
Carolyne Bird
9 Forensic Hand-Printing Examination 105
Linda L. Mitchell
10 Handwriting Complexity 111
Miriam Angel
11 Examination of Foreign-Influenced Handwriting 119
Elaine X. Wooton and Donna O. Eisenberg
12 Frequency of Occurrence Proportions in Handwriting 131
Thomas W. Vastrick
13 Examination and Comparison of Handwriting by Forensic Document
Examiners Compared to Laypersons 137
Marie E. Durina
Section III Applications of Technology
in Forensic Document Examination
14 Forensic Analysis of Handwritten Electronic Signatures 157
Kathleen Annunziata Nicolaides and Khody R. Detwiler
15 Indentation Development and Visualization 173
Tobin Tanaka
16 Examination of Cut, Torn, Shredded, and Perforated Documents 195
Larry A. Olson
17 Electrophotography 211
Tobin Tanaka
18 Typography 225
Zain M. Bhaloo, Tobin Tanaka, and Peter Tytell
19 Computer Generated Documents 241
Timothy A. Campbell
20 Radiography 263
Tobin Tanaka
21 Digital Examination Techniques and Considerations 275
Mark T. Goff
22 Computational Analysis of Documents 289
Timothy A. Campbell
Index 303
