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For a century, the Aegean has stood as both a border and a bridge. The 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey - the forced relocation of over a million Christians to Greece and some 400,000 Muslims to Turkey - transformed both states and societies. Refugee movements from occupied Greece to neutral Turkey during the Second World War, and more recently the crossings from Turkey to Greece of Syrians and others during 'Europe's refugee crisis', highlight the Aegean as a recurring site of forced migration. Today, the region remains defined by militarised borders and the criminalisation of humanitarian actors.
This book investigates the major forced population movements across the Aegean in the last 100 years. It uses the 1922-1923 forced population exchange as an intellectual point of departure to investigate the multiple refugee movements across the Aegean and their interconnections. It addresses the forced displacement of not only Turks and Greeks but also Jewish people and Syrians while also investigating the remembering of these episodes, within and beyond Turkey and Greece. Bringing together leading experts on Greece and Turkey, the volume advances a dialogue between national and international historiographies and offers fresh perspectives on the enduring legacies of displacement.
Across the Aegean is essential reading for scholars and students of Modern Greek and Turkish studies, Cultural, Heritage, Refugee/Forced Migration, and Memory Studies. Its insights also resonate with policy practitioners, journalists, and wider audiences seeking to understand how histories of displacement continue to shape the politics and societies of the Aegean today.
Contents
Introduction
Violetta Hionidou and Dimitris Skleparis
Part 1: Navigating Humanitarianism: War, Displacement, and Marginalised Lives
Chapter 1
Fleeing across the Aegean Sea: Orphans and unattended minors in Greece under the aegis of the Near East Relief after the Asia Minor Catastrophe of 1922
Eleftheria Daleziou
Chapter 2
Forced Migrations, Humanitarianism and Sex-Trafficking: the case of the Anatolian Greeks revisited, 1921-1925
Panagiotis Karagkounis and Georgios Giannakopoulos
Chapter 3
Dystopias of sexual abuse and prostitution: the case of Greek-Orthodox refugee women in the 1920s
Georgios Kritikos
Chapter 4
Lived experiences of dehumanisation: a case study of Asylum Seekers in the Zervou Refugee Camp in Samos, Greece, 2022-2024
Clara De La Hoz Del Real
Part 2: Identity of peoples and places
Chapter 5
The Social Construction of Ottoman Greek Identity in an Early 20th-Century US Context
Yiorgo Topalidis
Chapter 6
Identity Confusion of a Multifaceted Landscape: Revisiting the Isolated Rum Heritage in Rural Ayvalık (Late 19th/Early 20th Century)
Hasan Sercan Sağlam
Chapter 7
Intertwined Settlements, different Memories: Lithri and Ildiri in the shadow of Forced Migrations
Nurşen Kul and Ela Çil
Chapter 8
Diasporic Homelands in the Greco-Turkish Context (post-1923): The Locality of Imbros (Ίμβρος/Gökçeada)
Laura Brody
Part 3: Memory
Chapter 9
Legacies of the 1923 Turkish-Greek Population Exchange: Greek Refugees in Turkey during World War II
Alexandros Lamprou
Chapter 10
Odyssey across the Aegean: The Perilous Exodus of Greek Jews (1943-1944) in Light of Individual Agency and Refugee Experience
Julia Fröhlich
Chapter 11
Postmemories of the 1922 Asia Minor refugee experience on Chios: The perspective from oral histories, 1999-2020
Violetta Hionidou
Chapter 12
Impossible Homecomings: Reconsidering the Legacies of the Greco-Turkish War and Population Exchange through the Life and Work of Etel Adnan (1925-2021)
Kristina Gedgaudaitė
Chapter 13
Perceptions of the Past: Pleasant Remembrance and Difficult Memories of Greco-Turkish Population Exchange Descendants
Serkan Günay
Conclusions
Dimitris Skleparis and Violetta Hionidou
Afterword
Bruce Clark
Bibliography
