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Full Description
This volume documents the formation of the United States' colonial and informal empire in the Pacific, Caribbean, and Central America at the turn of the twentieth century. Taking the cessation of hostilities with Spain as its starting point, this final volume traces the evolution of United States imperialism through to the end of the First World War. The expansion of the United States' empire during the early twentieth century mirrored its rise on the world stage. Through overseas colonial expansion and the construction of an informal empire centred on the Panama Canal, the United States strove for hegemony in the Americas, and its imperial policies altered the lives of thousands who lived outside its national borders. Specific territories, such as Cuba, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico, are explored in this volume alongside regional and thematic accounts to provide a detailed and unique insight into the nature of United States imperialism. A host of historic perspectives are presented through a range of source material, including letters, government documents, and published material.
Contents
Volume 4: From the Treaty of Paris to the Paris Peace Conference, 1898-1919
Edited by Alex Bryne
General Introduction
Volume 4 Introduction
Part 1: The Treaty of Paris and Cuba
1. Charles Henry Butler, Our Treaty with Spain: Triumphant Diplomacy (Washington, DC: Washington Law Book Company, 1898), pp. 7-8.
2. Fitzhugh Lee, 'Reconstruction in Cuba', Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly, November, 1898, pp. 10-12.
3. Albert Richardson, 'Discord in Cuba', Public Opinion, March 9, 1899, pp. 293-294.
4. 'Cuba at the Exposition', The Weekly Examiner, May 11, 1901, p. 6.
5. Chester Isiah Long, Reciprocity with Cuba: Speech of Hon. Chester I. Long, of Kansas, in the House of Representatives, Friday, April 11, 1902 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1902), pp. 57-58.
6. John Kendrick Bangs, Uncle Sam Trustee (New York: Riggs Publishing Company, 1902), 338-342.
7. Leonard Wood, 'The Military Government of Cuba', Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 21 (1903), pp. 29-30.
8. William Howard Taft to the People of Cuba, September 29, 1906, in Charles Magoon, Annual Report of Charles E. Magoon, Provisional Governor of Cuba, to the Secretary of War (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1908), pp. 6-7.
9. 'Cuba's Condition', Goodwin's Weekly, October 6, 1906, p. 1.
10. H. A. Austin, 'Cuba's Future', North American Review 189, no. 643 (1909), pp. 857-859.
11. Bernard Ellis, 'Cuba, One of America's Biggest Question Marks', Arizona Republican, July 01, 1912, p. 7.
Part 2: The Annexation of the Philippines
12. Mayo Hazeltine, 'What Shall Be Done about the Philippines?', North American Review 167, no. 503 (1898), pp. 389-390.
13. Martin Russell Thayer, The Philippines: What is Demanded of the United States by the Obligations of Duty and National Honor (Philadelphia: s.n., 1898), pp. 17-19.
14. William Peffer, Americanism and the Philippines (Topeka: Crane and Company, 1900), 84-88.
15. Needom Freeman, A Soldier in the Philippines (New York: F. T. Neely, 1901), pp. 50-53.
16. The Freeman (Indianapolis), December 14, 1901, p. 4.
17. Testimony of Leory E. Hallock in United States Senate, Hearings before the Committee on the Philippines of the United States (Doc. No. 331, Part 3) (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1902), pp. 1969-1971.
18. Thomos Fortune, 'The Filipino', The Voice of the Negro, June, 1904, p. 246.
19. Frederick Dent Grant, The Philippines and the Filipinos (New York: New York Society of the Order of the Founders and Patriots of America, 1904), pp. 9-10.
20. Alfred Newell, Philippines Exposition: World's Fair, St. Louis, 1904 (St. Louis: s.n., 1904), p. 1.
21. William Howard Taft, Special Report of Wm. H. Taft, Secretary of War, to the President on the Philippines (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1908), pp. 13-14.
22. Diary of Carrie Chapman Catt, The Philippines, July 19 to August 20, 1912.
23. Report of the Governor General of the Philippine Islands in Annual reports of the War Department: 1918, Volume III (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1918), pp. 1-5.
24. Philippine Independence: Memorial of the Philippine Mission, asking that Immediate Independence be Granted the Philippine Islands (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1919), 3-4.
Part 3: The Annexation of Puerto Rico
25. Margherita Hamm, America's New Possessions and Spheres of Influence (New York: F. Tennyson Neely, 1899), pp. 83-85.
26. Joseph Benson Foraker, Porto Rico: It Belongs to the United States, but is not the United States, nor a Part of the United States (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1900), pp. 13-14.
27. George Whitefield Davis, Report of Brig. Gen. Geo. W. Davis, U.S.V., on Civil Affairs of Puerto Rico: 1899 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1900), pp. 14-15.
28. 'Banking Law Follows the Flag', The Commoner, August 23, 1901, p. 1.
29. 'Report of the Commissioner of Education for Porto Rico', in Annual Report of the Department of the Interior for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1901: Part II Governors of Territories, etc. (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1901), pp. 556-558.
30. Joseph Seabury, Porto Rico: The Land of the Rich Port (New York: Silver, Burdett and Company, 1903), pp. 25-37.
31. Walter Ballard, 'Strategic Value of Porto Rico', Journal of Education 59, no. 4 (1904), p. 50.
32. George Matthews, Report of an Episcopal Visit to Porto Rico (Dayton: Foreign Missionary Society, 1912), pp. 3-4.
33. José Padín Rodriguez, The Problem of Teaching English to the People of Porto Rico (San Juan: Bureau of Supplies, Printing, and Transportation, 1916), pp. 25-26.
34. Arthur Yager, Report of the Governor of Porto Rico to the Secretary of War 1918 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1918), pp. 4-5.
35. Pedro Capó-Rodriguez, Just a Word for Porto Rico (Washington, DC: s.n., 1918), pp. 3-12.
Part 4: The Wider Pacific
36. Francis Price, A Call for Missionary Advance in the Pacific Islands (Boston: American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, 1899), pp. 3-4.
37. 'Cable to Hawaii and Manila', The Paradise of the Pacific, March, 1899, p. 36.
38. The Post Office, May, 1899, pp. 26-27.
39. Greater America: The Latest Acquired Insular Possessions (Boston: Perry Mason Co., 1900), pp. 184-186.
40. Hubert Bancroft, The New Pacific (New York: Bancroft Co., 1900), pp. 602-608.
41. David J. Hill, Our Place Among the Nations (Philadelphia: Union league of Philadelphia, 1901), pp. 11-13.
42. Uriel Sebree, 'Progress in American Samoa', The Independent, November 27, 1902, pp. 2811-2821.
43. Vernon Kellogg, 'Samoa', Out West, April, 1904, pp. 303-306.
44. C. H. Forbes-Lindsay, America's Insular Possessions, vol. 1 (Philadelphia: John C. Winston Co., 1906), pp. 238-239.
45. L. M. Cox, The Island of Guam (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1917), pp. 42-44.
46. George McBride, 'The Galapagos Islands,' Geographic Review 6, no. 3 (1918), p. 239.
Part 5: The Caribbean
47. Horace Fisher to John Davis Long, January 29, 1902, in John Davis Long, Papers of John Davis Long 1897-1904, Gardner Allen (ed.), (Boston, MA: Massachusetts Historical Society, 1939), pp. 421-423.
48. Hugo Münsterberg, The Americans, trans. Edwin Holt (New York: McClure, Philipps, and Co., 1905), pp. 209-210.
49. Willis Fletcher Johnson, Four Centuries of the Panama Canal (New York, H. Holt and company, 1906), pp. 353-357.
50. W. E. Pulliam, First Annual Report: Dominican Customs Receivership under the American-Dominican Convention, 1907 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1908), pp. 17-19.
51. Elihu Root to Lyman Abbott, December 24, 1908.
52. Francis Huntington Wilson, 'Address of the Hon. Huntington Wilson', in Proceedings of the Third American Peace Conference Held in Baltimore, Maryland May 3 to 6, 1911 ed. Eugene Nobel (Baltimore, MD: Waverly Press, 1911), pp. 113-116.
53. John Barrett to Woodrow Wilson, July 26, 1913.
54. French Ensor Chadwick, 'The Present Day Phase of the Monroe Doctrine', in Latin America Clark University Addresses November, 1913, ed. George Blakeslee (New York: G. E. Stechert and Company, 1914), pp. 112-116.
55. William Hale, 'Our Moral Empire in America', The World's Work, May, 1914, pp. 52-58.
56. William MacCorkle, The Monroe Doctrine in its Relation to the Republic of Haiti (New York, Neale Publishing Company, 1915), pp. 91-96.
57. Chester Lloyd Jones, Caribbean Interests of the United States (New York: D. Appleton, 1916), pp. 126-145.
58. Leila Amos Pendleton, 'Our New Possessions: The Danish West Indies', Journal of Negro History, July, 1917, pp. 284-288.
Part 6: Anti-Imperial Voices
59. Carl Schurz, 'Thoughts on American Imperialism,' The Century, September, 1898, pp. 782-784.
60. Samuel Gompers, 'Imperialism: Its Dangers and Wrongs', American Federationist, November, 1898, pp. 182-183.
61. Morrison Swift, Imperialism and Liberty (Los Angeles, CA: Ronbroke Press, 1899), pp. 1-4.
62. Andrew Carnegie, 'Americanism versus Imperialism', North American Review 168, no. 506 (1899), pp. 1-2.
63. Benjamin Harrison, 'The Status of Annexed Territory and of Its Free Civilized Inhabitants', North American Review 172, no. 530 (1901), pp. 1-3.
Part 7: Women and Empire
64. Henry Blackwell, 'Imperialism not the "Paramount Issue?"', The Woman's Column, 14 July, 1900, p. 4.
65. Dita H. Kinney, 'Glimpses of Life in Manila', The American Journal of Nursing, October, 1902, pp. 36-38.
66. Mary A. Livermore, 'Remarks by Mrs. Mary A. Livermoore', Report of the Fifth Annual Meeting of the New England Anti-Imperialist League (Boston: New England Anti-Imperialist League, 1903), pp. 33-35.
67. 'What American Women Can Do in and for the Philippines', The Spirit of Missions, April, 1903, pp. 277-278
68. 'How Long Must Women Wait?', The Suffragist, February 17, 1917, p. 6.
Part 8: Indigenous Perspectives
69. Emilio Aguinaldo, True Version of the Philippine Revolution (Tarlak: s.n., 1899), pp. 54-59.
70. José Julio Henna and Manuel Zeno Gandía, The Case of Puerto Rico (Washington, DC: W. F. Roberts, 1899), pp. 5-10.
71. Salvador Cisneros y Betancourt, Appeal to the American People on Behalf of Cuba (New York: The Evening Post Job Printing House, 1900), pp. 5-6.
72. Manuel Luis Quezon, The Filipino People Ask for Justice: Speech of Hon. Manuel L. Quezon of the Philippines in the House of Representatives February 13, 1913 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1913), pp. 3-4.
73. Francisco García Calderón, Latin America: Its Rise and Progress, Bernard Miall (trans.) (New York: Scribners, 1913), pp. 300-312.
Part 9: Through an Environmental Lens
74. David Starr Jordan, Imperial Democracy (New York: D. Appleton & Company, 1899), pp. 92-97.
75. 'Guano Island Deserted', The American Fertilizer, September, 1903, p. 10.
76. William Edwin Safford, Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, vol. 9, The Useful Plants of the Island of Guam (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1905), pp. 140-141.
77. W. C. Gorgas, Report of the Department of Health, Isthmian Canal Commission, January 1907 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1907), pp. 15-16.
78. 'La Gloria a Health Resort,' The Cuba Review, January, 1911, p. 19.
79. Frederick Adams, Conquest of the Tropics: The Story of the Creative Enterprises Conducted by the United Fruit Company (Garden City: Doubleday, 1914), pp. 6-17.
Index