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Full Description
As the human population grows from seven billion toward an inevitable nine or 10 billion, the demands on the limited supply of soils will grow and intensify. Soils are essential for the sustenance of almost all plants and animals, including humans, but soils are virtually infinitely variable. Clays are the most reactive and interactive inorganic compounds in soils. Clays in soils often differ from pure clay minerals of geological origin. They provide a template for most of the reactive organic matter in soils. They directly affect plant nutrients, soil temperature and pH, aggregate sizes and strength, porosity and water-holding capacities.
This book aims to help improve predictions of important properties of soils through a modern understanding of their highly reactive clay minerals as they are formed and occur in soils worldwide. It examines how clays occur in soils and the role of soil clays in disparate applications including plant nutrition, soil structure, and water-holding capacity, soil quality, soil shrinkage and swelling, carbon sequestration, pollution control and remediation, medicine, forensic investigation, and deciphering human and environmental histories.
Features:
Provides information on the conditions that lead to the formation of clay minerals in soils
Distinguishes soil clays and types of clay minerals
Describes clay mineral structures and their origins
Describes occurrences and associations of clays in soil
Details roles of clays in applications of soils
Heavily illustrated with photos, diagrams, and electron micrographs
Includes user-friendly description of a new method of identification
To know soil clays is to enable their use toward achieving improvements in the management of soils for enhancing their performance in one or more of their three main functions of enabling plant growth, regulating water flow to plants, and buffering environmental changes. This book provides an easily-read and extensively-illustrated description of the nature, formation, identification, occurrence and associations, measurement, reactivities, and applications of clays in soils.
Contents
Authors Chapter 1 Introduction and Definitions Chapter 2 Soil Clays: Mineralogy Chapter 3 Geology: Defining the Starting Point for Soil and Clay Formation Chapter 4 Primary Minerals and Their Alteration by Weathering Chapter 5 Driving Forces of Alteration Chapter 6 Chemistry of Alteration by Weathering Chapter 7 Formation of Clays in the Soil Zone of Alteration 7.3 Effect of Plants on Soil Clay Assemblages Chapter 8 Nature and Origin of Surface Soil Clays Chapter 9 The Importance of Climate in the Formation of Soil Clays Chapter 10 Associations of Soil Clays Chapter 11 Occurrence and Extraction of Soil Clays Chapter 12 Identification and Quantification of Clay Minerals in Soils Chapter 13 Surfaces, Surface Reactions and Particle Size Effects Chapter 14 Role of Soil Clays in Agriculture, the Environment and Society Chapter 15 Summary Bibliography, Annex: Simplified Methods for the Interpretation of X-Ray Diffraction, Diagrams of Soil Clay Assemblages, Index
