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Full Description
The scientific study of consciousness features a vast array of conflicting theories, but cross-disciplinary exchange between researchers from different camps is not always prevalent. This book seeks to address these complexities by providing a thorough introduction to the field while remaining accessible to those new to the topic. By exploring empirical methods, surveying a variety of competing theories, and outlining challenges for current approaches, it equips readers with the tools to evaluate existing theories. It also showcases contributions from the originators and leading proponents of today's most influential theories, providing unparalleled depth and clarity into diverse theoretical perspectives. Offering a thorough overview of scientific consciousness studies, this book presents new perspectives on a topic that has long puzzled scientists and philosophers alike.
Contents
Part I. The Science of Consciousness: History, Methods, and Characteristics: 1. Introduction; 1.1. A historical perspective on consciousness; 1.2. Philosophical perspectives on consciousness; 1.3. What this book has to offer; 1.4. How to read this book; 2. Experimental approaches to consciousness: 2.1 Experimental approaches to states of consciousness; 2.2 Experimental approaches to contents of consciousness; 2.3 Problems, pitfalls, and methodological considerations; 3. Characteristics of consciousness: 3.1 Where in the brain?: The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC); 3.2 When do contents 'reach' consciousness?: The temporal aspects of consciousness; 3.3 Access versus phenomenal consciousness: is there 'overflow'?; 3.4 Is consciousness discrete or graded?; 3.5 Is consciousness unified?; 3.6 Attention and neglect; 3.7 Phylogenetic and ontogenetic emergence of consciousness: Evolution, animals, mirrors, and babies; 3.8 The role of consciousness; 3.9 The quest for generalisability; Part II. Portrayals and Evaluations of Empirical ToCs: 4. What is a theory of consciousness?: 4.1. The self-organizing metarepresentational account (SOMA) Axel Cleeremans; 4.2. Challenge I: the non-conscious alternative; 5. Process theories: 5.1. Predictive processing theory and consciousness (PPT) Anil Seth; 5.2. The global neuronal workspace theory of consciousness (GNWT) Claire Sergent and Daphné Rimsky-Robert; 5.3. Higher order theories (HOTs) and the perceptual reality monitoring theory (PRM) Matthias Michel; 5.4. Challenge II: underconstraining consciousness: the small network argument; 6. Causal structure theories: 6.1. Recurrent processing theory (RPT) Victor A. F. Lamme; 6.2. Integrated information theory (IIT) William Marshall; 6.3 Challenge III: the unfolding argument; 7. Biological theories: 7.1. Dendritic integration theory (DIT) Jaan Aru, Talis Bachmann, Mototaka Suzuki and Matthew E. Larkum; 7.2. The 'felt uncertainty' theory of consciousness (FUT) Mark Solms; 7.3. Challenge IV: the other systems argument; 8. Quantum theories: 8.1. The orchestrated objective reduction theory of consciousness (Orch-OR) Stuart Hameroff; 8.2. Challenges for quantum theories of consciousness; 9. Illusionism: 9.1. The attention schema theory (AST) Michael S. A. Graziano; 9.2. The sensorimotor theory of phenomenal consciousness (SMT) J. Kevin O'Regan; 9.3. Challenges for illusionist theories; Part III. The Science of Consciousness: 10. The science of consciousness: an opinionated perspective: 10.1 Scientific theories of consciousness; 10.2 At the core of current ToCs; 10.3 How to escape the core problems of today's ToCs?; 10.4 Summary; Appendix; References.
