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Full Description
Manta and devil rays are some of the most charismatic creatures in the ocean. Born into a life of perpetual motion, these rays must keep swimming to survive. Driven forward by powerful beats of their wing-like pectoral fins, these filter feeding rays search the ocean currents for prey, their horn-like cephalic (head) fins giving rise to ancient mariners' tales of fearsome devilfish dragging boats into the depths. Beloved by scuba divers and marine biologists alike, these impressive animals have never had a comprehensive field guide dedicated to them - until now.Guide to the Manta and Devil Rays of the World includes detailed information on the identification, characteristics, threats and distribution for each of the species within this family of rays. Illustrated with over 200 beautiful colour photos, drawings and plates, this guide also contains an expansive introduction packed full of useful information on the general taxonomy, biology and behaviour of these iconic animals.This book will be an invaluable field companion for any scientist, diver or marine enthusiast who has an interest in these fascinating creatures. It is an essential resource for fisheries management, international trade enforcement, and for anyone wanting to become involved in the ongoing efforts to research and conserve this threatened family of rays.
Contents
Acknowledgements and image creditsaA A 5The authorsaA A 6Save Our Seas FoundationaA A 8The Manta TrustaA A 9IntroductionaA A 11An introduction to mobulid raysaA A 12Taxonomy and evolutionaA A 14Mobulid geneticsaA A 16Feeding strategiesaA A 18Leaping devilsaA A 26Cleaning giantsaA A 30Predators and wound healingaA A 33Intestinal eversion and vomitingaA A 36Remoras and hitchhikersaA A 37Courtship and matingaA A 41Mating scarsaA A 46Gestation and puppingaA A 48Big and brainyaA A 51Patterning and morphsaA A 52MorphologyaA A 58SpiraclesaA A 60Gill platesaA A 62Sexual dimorphismaA A 64species accountsaA A 65Species keyaA A 66Reef Manta RayaA A Mobula alfredi (Krefft, 1868)aA A 70Oceanic Manta RayaA A Mobula birostris (Walbaum, 1792)aA A 74Longhorned Pygmy Devil RayaA A Mobula eregoodootenkee (Bleeker, 1859)aA A 78West Atlantic Pygmy Devil RayaA A Mobula hypostoma (Bancroft, 1831)aA A 82Shorthorned Pygmy Devil RayaA A Mobula kuhlii (Muller & Henle, 1841)aA A 86Spinetail Devil RayaA A Mobula mobular* (Bonnaterre 1788)aA A 90Munk's Pygmy Devil Ray Mobula munkiana Notarbartolo di Sciara, 1987 94East Atlantic Pygmy Devil RayaA A Mobula rochebrunei (Vaillant, 1879)aA A 98Sicklefin Devil RayaA A Mobula tarapacana (Philippi, 1892)aA A 102Bentfin Devil RayaA A Mobula thurstoni (Lloyd, 1908)aA A 106Caribbean Manta RayaA A Mobula cf. birostrisaA A 110*Mobula japanica has now been merged with Mobula mobular.Mobulid Rays and HUmansaA A 113Mobulid threatsaA A 114FisheriesaA A 115Gill plate tradeaA A 117Bycatch and discardaA A 119Conserving manta and devil raysaA A 120Protective legislationaA A 124Marine protected areasaA A 126Citizen scienceaA A 129Manta identificationaA A 130Swimming with mobulid raysaA A 131Code of conductaA A 132AppendicesaA A 135Data collection protocolsaA A 136Customs and trade inforcement guideaA A 139GlossaryaA A 142IndexaA A 143
