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Full Description
The Marine World is a book for everyone with an interest in the ocean, from the marine biologist or student wanting expert knowledge of a particular group to the naturalist or diver exploring the seashore and beyond. With colour illustrations, line drawings, more than 1,500 colour photographs, and with clear accessible text, this book encompasses all those organisms that live in, on and around the ocean, bringing together in a single text everything from the minuscule to the immense. It includes sections on all but the most obscure marine groups, covering invertebrate phyla from sponges to sea squirts, as well as plants, fungi, bacteria, fish, reptiles, mammals and birds. It incorporates information on identification, distribution, structure, biology, ecology, classification and conservation of each group, addressing the questions of 'what?', 'where?' and 'how?' Today global warming, overfishing, ocean acidification and pollution are just a few of the ever increasing number of threats and challenges faced by ocean life.Without knowledge of the animals, plants and other organisms that live in the marine world, we cannot hope to support or implement successful conservation and management measures, nor truly appreciate the incredible wealth and variety of marine life.The Marine World is the product of a lifetime spent by Frances Dipper happily observing and studying marine organisms the world over. It has been brought to colourful life by a myriad of enthusiastic underwater photographers and by Marc Dando, the renowned natural history illustrator.Foreword by Mark Carwardine
Contents
Foreword by Mark Carwardine 8Introduction 9Part IOcean 11Ocean Research 12Going down 13From the surface 14Satellites 15The Marine Environment 16Light 18Salinity 20Density and viscosity 22Water pressure 23Dissolved gases and acidity 24Sea temperature 26Ocean currents 28Tides 30Waves 32The main divisions of the marine environment 34Part II: The Living Ocean 39Environments and Ecosystems 40Open water (pelagic environments) 49Seabed (benthic environments) 68Sea shore (intertidal) 82Sublittoral 92Deep seabed 109Part III: Marine Life 115Ocean Life 116Distribution of ocean life 117Past ocean life: marine fossils 118Classification 120Bacteria and Archaea 126Marine Plants and Chromists 128Seaweeds (macroalgae) 130Marine microalgae 149Marine flowering plants 157Marine Fungi 168Lichens 169Protozoa 172Microanimals 174Comb jellies 174Arrow worms 176Water bears 177Gastrotrichs 178Goblet worms 179Rotifers 180Placozoans 181Cycliophorans 181Sponges 182Cnidarians 188Hydroids 191Jellyfish 195Soft corals and sea fans (Octocorals) 200Stony corals and anemones (Hexacorals) 205Annelid Worms 210Polychaetes 211Oligochaetes 216Leeches 217Other Worms 218Flatworms 218Ribbon worms 220Nematodes 222Peanut worms 223Spoon worms 224Cephalorhyncha 225Phoronids 226Xenacoelomorpha 227Molluscs 228Gastropods 230Bivalves 238Cephalopods 246Chitons 252Minor molluscs 254Brachiopods 256Arthropods 258Horseshoe crabs and sea spiders 262Crustaceans 264Bryozoans 284Echinoderms 288Starfish 290Brittlestars 294Sea urchins 296Sea cucumbers 300Featherstars 302Hemichordates 304Chordates 306Non-vertebrate chordates 307Marine Fishes 314Jawless fishes 320Cartilaginous fishes 326Ray-finned fishes 358Lobe-finned fishes 400Marine Reptiles 402Crocodiles 405Sea turtles 407Sea snakes 412Marine Iguana 415Marine Mammals by Robert Irving 416Whales and dolphins 420Dugong and manatees 439Seals and Walrus 444Marine otters 454Polar Bear 456Marine Birds by Marianne Taylor 458Seabirds 464Waders 478Marine wildfowl 485Other marine birds 490Interrelationships 492Defence, attack and camouflage 492Symbiosis 498Marine Protected Areas 502Ocean sanctuaries 504Marine reserves 506Marine parks 510Appendices 514Appendix I Organisations and recording schemes 515Appendix II Metric and imperial measurements and SI units 518Appendix III Prefixes and suffixes 519References 521Acknowledgements 526Image credits 527Index 529
