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Full Description
On 18 March 2003, the United States attacked Iraq during Operation Iraqi Freedom. On 16 January 1991, the US had attacked Iraq during Operation Desert Storm. The two wars were radically different. Whereas Operation Desert Storm had been launched with the hope that a new world order might emerge, Operation Iraqi Freedom signified the return of an imperial America unilaterally resorting to preventive warfare representative of a Hobbesian conception of international politics. Why did the promise of a privileged resort to peaceful inter-state conflict resolution implied during the first Gulf War give way to the explicit triumph of the 'might-is-right' principle during the second Gulf War? Is the shift in America's foreign behaviour but a mere parenthesis or potentially the first stage of a long term process likely to undermine the currently prevailing Lockean anarchy? This book aims to answer some of these questions.
Contents
contents
Introduction: Operation Iraqi Freedom and the International Order 1
Part one: Towards an International Society 11
Chapter one: The Westphalian Equilibrium 15
Chapter two: The `British Concert' 33
Chapter three: The American Order 51
Part two: From Lockean to Hobbesian Anarchy
69
Chapter four: From Rivalry to Enmity 73
Chapter five: From Just War to Preventive War 90
Chapter six: From Multilateralism to Unilateralism 109
Part three: A Proto-systemic War 129
Chapter seven: Security Dilemma and Opportunistic
Expansionism 133
Chapter eight: Domestic Politics and Sinister Imperialism
150
Chapter nine: Power Cycles and Hegemonic Decline 168
Conclusion: The Open Anarchy
186
Select Bibliography and Online Sources 191
Index 197
