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Full Description
Individualism embraces a wide diversity of meanings and is widely used by those who criticise and by those who praise Western societies and their culture, by historians and literary scholars in search of the emergence of 'the individual', by anthropologists claiming that there are different, culturally shaped conceptions of the individual or 'person', by philosophers debating what form social science explanations should take and by political theorists defending liberal principles. In this classic text, Steven Lukes discusses what 'individualism' has meant in various national traditions and across different provinces of thought, analysing it into its component unit-ideas and doctrines. He further argues that it now plays a malign ideological role, for it has come to evoke a socially-constructed body of ideas whose illusory unity is deployed to suggest that redistributive policies are neither feasible nor desirable and to deny that there are institutional alternatives to the market.
Contents
contents
New introduction by the author 1
Foreword 17
Part One: The Semantic History of `Individualism' 19
Chapter One: France 21
Chapter Two: Germany 30
Chapter Three: Jacob Burckhardt 35
Chapter Four: America 37
Chapter Five: England 41
Chapter Six: History and the Social Sciences 46
Part Two: The Basic Ideas of Individualism 49
Chapter Seven: The Dignity of Man 51
Chapter Eight: Autonomy 55
Chapter Nine: Privacy 60
Chapter Ten: Self-Development 66
Chapter Eleven: The Abstract Individual 70
Chapter Twelve: Political Individualism 74
Chapter Thirteen: Economic Individualism 80
Chapter Fourteen: Religious Individualism 84
Chapter Fifteen: Ethical Individualism 87
Chapter Sixteen: Epistemological Individualism 92
Chapter Seventeen: Methodological Individualism 94
Part Three: The Relations Between These Ideas 103
Chapter Eighteen: Equality and Liberty 105
Chapter Nineteen: The Doctrines 113
Chapter Twenty: Taking Equality and Liberty Seriously 118
Afterword 126
Bibliography 127
Index of Names 131
Index of Subjects 135
