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Optical coatings, including mirrors, anti-reflection coatings, beam splitters, and filters, are an integral part of most modern optical systems. Optical thin films and coatings provides an overview of thin film materials, the properties, design and manufacture of optical coatings and their use across a variety of application areas.Part one explores the design and manufacture of optical coatings. Part two highlights unconventional features of optical thin films including scattering properties of random structures in thin films, optical properties of thin film materials at short wavelengths, thermal properties and colour effects. Part three focusses on novel materials for optical thin films and coatings and includes chapters on organic optical coatings, surface multiplasmonics and optical thin films containing quantum dots. Finally, applications of optical coatings, including laser components, solar cells, displays and lighting, and architectural and automotive glass, are reviewed in part four.Optical thin films and coatings is a technical resource for researchers and engineers working with optical thin films and coatings, professionals in the security, automotive, space and other industries requiring an understanding of these topics, and academics interested in the field.
Contents
Contributor contact detailsWoodhead Publishing Series in Electronic and Optical MaterialsPrefacePart I: Design and manufacturing of optical thin films and coatingsChapter 1: Recent developments in deposition techniques for optical thin films and coatingsAbstract:1.1 Introduction1.2 Early processes for the deposition of optical coatings1.3 The energetic processes1.4 Cathodic arc evaporation1.5 Pulsed laser deposition1.6 Chemical vapor deposition1.7 Atomic layer deposition1.8 Sol-gel processes1.9 Etching1.10 Other techniques1.11 ConclusionChapter 2: Design of complex optical coatingsAbstract:2.1 Introduction2.2 Modern numerical thin film synthesis techniques2.3 Manufacturability issues2.4 Hybrid design2.5 Conclusion2.6 AcknowledgementsChapter 3: Optical monitoring strategies for optical coating manufacturingAbstract:3.1 Introduction3.2 Classification of optical monitoring strategies3.3 Turning point optical monitoring and error self-compensation effect3.4 Level monitoring: passive and active monochromatic monitoring strategies3.5 Direct broad band optical monitoring3.6 Indirect optical monitoring strategies3.7 ConclusionChapter 4: Production strategies for high-precision optical coatingsAbstract:4.1 Introduction4.2 Basic concept of deterministic production4.3 Optical broad band monitoring4.4 Virtual deposition system4.5 Direct on-line correction tools4.6 Design stability in production processes4.7 Deposition control of coating systems with continuous refractive index variation4.8 ConclusionPart II: Unconventional features of optical thin films and coatingsChapter 5: Complex materials with plasmonic effects for optical thin film applicationsAbstract:5.1 Introduction5.2 Physics of some classes of novel materials for plasmonic applications5.3 Ceramic matrix with embedded metal nanostructures5.4 Searching for alternative plasmonic materials5.5 Characterization of novel materials with plasmonic effects5.6 ConclusionChapter 6: Scattering properties of random structures in thin filmsAbstract:6.1 Introduction6.2 Numerical solution of reduced Rayleigh equations for scattering of light from dielectric films with one-dimensional rough surfaces6.3 Reduced Rayleigh equations for the scattering of p- and s-polarized light from, and its transmission through, a film with two one-dimensional rough surfaces6.4 Numerical solution of the reduced Rayleigh equation for the scattering of light from a two-dimensional randomly rough penetrable surface6.5 Scattering of light from a dielectric film with a two-dimensional randomly rough surface deposited on a planar metal substrate6.6 Analytical methods for the scattering from a three-dimensional film with randomly rough surfaces6.7 Theoretical methods for the scattering of6.8 Applications6.9 Conclusion6.11 AppendicesAppendix 6.11.2 Mueller Matrix and TensorChapter 7: Optical properties of thin film materials at short wavelengthsAbstract:7.1 Introduction7.2 Material behaviour over the spectrum7.3 Reflection and transmission in absorbing materials7.4 The optical constants of materials at short wavelengths7.5 Link between n and k: Kramers-Kronig analysis7.6 Experimental determination of optical constants7.7 Specifics of optical coatings at short wavelengths7.8 Conclusion7.9 AcknowledgementsChapter 8: Controlling thermal radiation from surfacesAbstract:8.1 Introduction8.2 Blackbody radiation8.3 Emissivity8.4 Optically selective coatings8.5 ConclusionChapter 9: Color in optical coatingsAbstract:9.1 Introduction9.2 The development of the understanding of interference color9.3 Overview of basic colorimetry9.4 Optical coating colorimetry9.5 Conclusion9.6 AcknowledgementsPart III: Novel materials for optical thin films and coatingsChapter 10: Organic optical coatingsAbstract:10.1 Introduction10.2 Specific properties of organic layers10.3 Optical coatings with organic layers10.4 Deposition techniques10.5 Composites10.6 ConclusionChapter 11: Surface multiplasmonics with periodically non-homogeneous thin filmsAbstract:11.1 Introduction11.2 Historical development11.3 Periodically non-homogeneous dielectric materials11.4 Canonical boundary-value problem11.5 Grating-coupled configuration11.6 Turbadar-Kretschmann-Raether (TKR) configuration11.7 Conclusions11.8 Future research11.9 Sources of further information and adviceChapter 12: Optical thin films containing quantum dotsAbstract:12.1 Introduction12.2 Applications of quantum dots12.3 Modelling the electronic properties of multiple quantum wells12.4 Numerical results12.5 Realization of thin films containing quantum dots12.6 Characterization of thin films containing quantum dots12.7 Refractive index of layers containing quantum dots and of quantum dots alone12.8 Conclusion12.9 AcknowledgementsPart IV: Applications of optical thin films and coatingsChapter 13: Optical coatings on plastic for antireflection purposesAbstract:13.1 Introduction13.2 Transparent polymer materials for optics13.3 Plastics in vacuum coating processes13.4 Antireflection methods13.5 Conclusion13.6 Sources of further information and adviceChapter 14: Protective coatings for optical surfacesAbstract:14.1 Introduction14.2 Testing methods14.3 Coating design14.4 Application examples14.5 ConclusionChapter 15: Optical coatings for displays and lightingAbstract:15.1 Introduction15.2 Optical coatings for flat panel display (FPD)15.3 Optical coatings for projectors15.4 Optical coatings for projectors using light emitting diode (LED) light source15.5 Optical coating for automobiles head up display (HUD)15.6 Optical coatings for LEDs15.7 Conclusion15.8 AcknowledgementsChapter 16: Innovative approaches in thin film photovoltaic cellsAbstract:16.1 Introduction16.2 Inorganic nanostructures for photovoltaic solar cells16.3 Organic thin film solar cells16.4 Copper indium gallium diselenide thin film solar cells16.5 ConclusionChapter 17: Optical coatings for security and authentication devicesAbstract:17.1 Introduction17.2 Basic principles and structures currently applied17.3 Specific optical effects suitable for security devices17.4 Active devices17.5 Film functionality and structurally controlled optical coatings17.6 ConclusionChapter 18: Optical coatings for high-intensity femtosecond lasersAbstract:18.1 Introduction18.2 Mirror design approaches18.3 The highest possible value of group delay dispersion (GDD)18.4 Production of dispersive mirrors18.5 Pulse compression with dispersive mirrors18.6 Measurement of group delay with white light interferometer18.7 Application of dispersive mirrors in high-intensity lasers18.8 ConclusionChapter 19: Optical coatings for large facilitiesAbstract:19.1 Introduction19.2 Domains of applications and major programs19.3 Review of technological solutions19.4 Thin film uniformity: key problem19.5 Focus on large magnetron sputtering facility19.6 Highlights on two major programs19.7 ConclusionChapter 20: Optical coatings for automotive and building applicationsAbstract:20.1 Introduction20.2 The role of thermal control in glazing20.3 Window coating types by functionality20.4 Glazing types: monolithic, laminated, and multi-cavity glazing designs20.5 Coatings on glass substrates20.6 Coatings on polymer substrates20.7 Special considerations for applications20.8 Conclusion20.9 Future trends20.10 Sources of further information and advice20.11 AcknowledgementsChapter 21: Transparent conductive thin filmsAbstract:21.1 Introduction21.2 Conductivity fundamentals21.3 Control of optoelectronic properties21.4 Beyond optoelectronic properties21.5 Traditional applications21.6 Recent applications21.7 Future applications21.8 ConclusionChapter 22: Optical coatings in the space environmentAbstract:22.1 Introduction22.2 The space environment22.3 Contamination22.4 Product assurance for space coatings22.5 Conclusion22.6 AcknowledgementsIndex
