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Full Description
Semiconductor gas sensors have a wide range of applications in safety, process control, environmental monitoring, indoor or cabin air quality and medical diagnosis. This important book summarises recent research on basic principles, new materials and emerging technologies in this essential field.
The first part of the book reviews the underlying principles and sensing mechanisms for n- and p-type oxide semiconductors, introduces the theory for nanosize materials and describes the role of electrode-semiconductor interfaces. The second part of the book describes recent developments in silicon carbide- and graphene-based gas sensors, wide bandgap semiconductor gas sensors and micromachined and direct thermoelectric gas sensors. Part 3 discusses the use of nanomaterials for gas sensing, including metal oxide nanostructures, quantum dots, single-alled carbon nanotubes and porous silicon. The final part of the book surveys key applications in environmental monitoring, detecting chemical warfare agents and monitoring gases such as carbon dioxide.
Semiconductor gas sensors is a valuable reference work for all those involved in gas monitoring, including those in the building industry, environmental engineers, defence and security specialists and researchers in this field.
Contents
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Woodhead Publishing Series in Electronic and Optical Materials
Part I: Introduction
Chapter 1: Fundamentals of semiconductor gas sensors
Abstract:
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Classification of semiconductor gas sensors
1.3 Resistor type sensors: empirical aspects
1.4 Resistor type sensors: theoretical aspects
1.5 Non-resistive sensors
1.6 Future trends
Chapter 2: Conduction mechanism in semiconducting metal oxide sensing films: impact on transduction
Abstract:
2.1 Introduction
2.2 General discussion about sensing with semiconducting metal oxide gas sensors
2.3 Sensing and transduction for p- and n-type semiconducting metal oxides
2.4 Investigation of the conduction mechanism in semiconducting metal oxide sensing layers: studies in working conditions
2.5 Conclusion and future trends
Chapter 3: Electrode materials and electrode-oxide interfaces in semiconductor gas sensors
Abstract:
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Electrode materials for semiconductor gas sensors
3.3 Electrode-oxide semiconductor interfaces
3.4 Charge carrier transport in the electrode-oxide semiconductor interfaces
3.5 Gas/solid interactions in the electrode-oxide semiconductor interfaces
3.6 Conclusion
Part II: Advanced sensing methods and structures
Chapter 4: Recent trends in silicon carbide (SiC) and graphene-based gas sensors
Abstract:
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Background: transduction and sensing mechanisms
4.3 Recent material developments for improved selectivity of SiC gas sensors
4.4 Dynamic sensor operation
4.5 Novel SiC and graphene-based sensor devices
4.6 Conclusion
Chapter 5: Recent advances in wide bandgap semiconductor-based gas sensors
Abstract:
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Gas sensing
5.3 Hydrogen sensing
5.4 GaN Schottky diode sensor
5.5 Nanostructured wide bandgap materials
5.6 Silicon carbide Schottky diode hydrogen sensor
5.7 Wireless sensor network development
5.8 Conclusion
5.9 Acknowledgments
Chapter 6: Micromachined semiconductor gas sensors
Abstract:
6.1 Introduction
6.2 A brief history of semiconductors as gas sensitive devices
6.3 Micro-hotplate concept and technologies
6.4 Micromachined metal-oxide gas sensors
6.5 Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible metal-oxide gas sensors
6.6 Micromachined field-effect gas sensors
6.7 Trends and perspectives
6.8 Conclusion
Chapter 7: Semiconducting direct thermoelectric gas sensors
Abstract:
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Direct thermoelectric gas sensors
7.3 Conclusion and future trends
Part III: Nanomaterials for gas sensing
Chapter 8: One- and two-dimensional metal oxide nanostructures for chemical sensing
Abstract:
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Deposition techniques
8.3 Conductometric sensor
8.4 Transduction principles and related novel devices
8.5 Conclusion and future trends
Chapter 9: Semiconductor quantum dots for photoluminescence-based gas sensing
Abstract:
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Quantum dot synthesis, surface functionalization and polymer encapsulation
9.3 Quantum dots for sensing: dependence of detection limits and selectivity on surface-modifying ligands
9.4 Quantum dot-polymer system
9.5 Quantum dot-nanopore array system
9.6 Conclusion and future trends
9.7 Acknowledgments
Chapter 10: Coated and functionalised single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as gas sensors
Abstract:
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Gas sensor architecture
10.3 Gas sensing mechanisms
10.4 Routes towards sensor selectivity
10.5 Applications
10.6 Conclusion
Chapter 11: Carbon nanotube and metal oxide hybrid materials for gas sensing
Abstract:
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Fabrication and synthesis of carbon nanotube-metal oxide sensing devices
11.3 Preparation of carbon nanotube-metal oxide sensing films
11.4 Sensor assembly
11.5 Characterization of carbon nanotube-metal oxide materials
11.6 Sensing mechanism of carbon nanotube-metal oxide gas sensors
11.7 Conclusion
Chapter 12: Porous silicon gas sensors
Abstract:
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Conductivity and capacitance sensors
12.3 Luminescence from PSi
12.4 Optical and photo properties of PSi sensors
12.5 PSi noise sensors
12.6 Different PSi gas sensors
12.7 Conclusion
Part IV: Applications of semiconductor gas sensors
Chapter 13: Metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors in environmental monitoring
Abstract:
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Sensor synthesis methods
13.3 Metal oxide semiconductors in detecting environmentally important gases
13.4 Advances in carbon monoxide sensors
13.5 Advances in carbon dioxide sensors
13.6 Advances in nitrogen oxides sensors
13.7 Future trends
13.8 Conclusion
13.9 Sources of further information and advice
Chapter 14: Semiconductor gas sensors for chemical warfare agents
Abstract:
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Chemical warfare agents
14.3 Chemical warfare agent detecting techniques
14.4 Device preparation
14.5 Sensing properties
14.6 Conclusion
Chapter 15: Integrated complementary metal oxide semiconductor-based sensors for gas and odour detection
Abstract:
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Micro-resistive complementary metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors
15.3 Micro-calorimetric complementary metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor
15.4 Sensing materials and their deposition on complementary metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors
15.5 Interface circuitry and its integration
15.6 Integrated multi-sensor and sensor array systems
15.7 Conclusion and future trends
15.8 Useful web addresses
Chapter 16: Solid-state sensors for carbon dioxide detection
Abstract:
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Electrochemical sensors
16.3 Impedimetric, capacitive and resistive sensors
16.4 Field effect transistor sensors
16.5 New approaches to enhance sensor performance
16.6 Conclusion and future trends
Index
