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Full Description
Since their discovery, disinfection by-products (DBPs) have become one of the major driving forces in drinking water regulations, research and water utility operations throughout the world. The list of DBPs that can occur in treated drinking waters has grown from a few trihalomethanes to a long list of halogenated and non-halogenated organic or inorganic compounds. This list is expected to continue to grow as the analytical techniques are improved, as more
information on their toxicity is developed, and as more occurrence studies are conducted. This book documents the latest DBP research findings, including emerging issues and state-of-the-art studies. Specifically, papers on the occurrence, formation, control, and health effects of emerging (unregulated)
halogenated (e.g., brominated) and nonhalogenated (e.g., nitrosamines) DBPs (e.g., emerging nitrogenous vs. regulated carbonaceous DBPs) are presented. In addition to the characterization and reactivity of natural organic matter to form DBPs, new studies on algal organic matter and treated wastewater as sources of DBPs and their precursors are discussed.
Contents
INTRODUCTION ; 1. Recent Advances in Disinfection By-product Formation, Occurrence, Control, Health Effects, and Regulations - Karanfil, T., Krasner, S.W, Westerhoff, P., and Xie, Y ; HEALTH AND REGULATORY CONCERNS OF DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS ; 2. Evolution of DBP Regulations - Roberson, J.A. ; 3. Comparative Mammalian Cell Toxicity of N-DBPs and C-DBPs - Plewa, M.J., Wagner, E.D., Muellner, M.G., Hsu,, K.M., and Richardson, S.D. ; 4. Use of Chemical Models and Structure-Activity Relationships to Identify Novel Disinfection By-Products of Potential Toxicological Concern - Bull, R.J., and Reckhow, D.A. ; 5. Contribution of Organic Bromines to the Genotoxicity of Chlorinated Water: A Combination of Chromosomal Aberration Test and Total Organic Bromine Analysis - Echigo, S., Itoh, S., and Ando, R. ; REACTIVITY OF NATURAL ORGANIC MATTER TOWARD DISINFECTION BYPRODUCT FORMATION ; 6. Disinfection By-Product Precursor Content of Natural Organic Matter Extracts - Reckhow, D.A., Makdissy, G., and Rees, P. ; 7. Parameters Affecting Haloacetic Acid and Trihalomethane Concentrations in Treated UK Drinking Waters - Bougeard, C.M., Janmohamed, I.H.S., Goslan, E.H., Jefferson, B., Watson, J.S., Morgan, G.H., and Parsons, S.A. ; 8. Relationship between Brominated THMs, HAAs, and Total Organic Bromine during Drinking Water Chlorination - Hua, G., and Reckhow, D. ; 9. HAA Formation and Speciation during Chloramination - Karanfil, T., Hong, Y., and Song, H. ; 10. Pre-chlorination Induced DOC and DBPs Formation from Microcystis Aeruginosa in Treatment Processes - Chiu, C.A., and Wang, G.S. ; PROBING FORMATION OF DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS ; 11. Spectroscopic Studies of the Roles of Distinct Chromophores in NOM Chlorination and DBP Formation - Korshin, G.V., and Chang, H.-S. ; 12. Formation of Volatile Disinfection Byproducts from Chlorination of Organic-N Precursors in Recreational Water - Li, J., and Blatchley, E.R. ; 13. Reactivity of Bromine-Substituted Haloamines in Forming Haloacetic Acids - Pope, P.G., and Speitel, G.E., Jr. ; 14. Comparison of the Performance of Spectroscopic Indices Developed to Quantify the Halogenation of Natural Organic Matter at Varying Chlorine Concentrations, Reaction Times and Temperatures - Roccaro, P., Vagliasindi, F.G.A., and Korshin, G.V. ; FORMATION AND CONTROL OF DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS ; 15. Combined Treatments for Enhanced Reduction of Trihalomethane Precursors - Fabris, R., Chow, C.W.K., and Drikas, M. ; 16. Removal of Trihalomethane Precursors using the MIEX DOC Process in Combination with Granular Activated Carbon - Drikas, M., Dixon, M., and Morran, J.Y. ; 17. Natural Dissolved Organic Matter Removal and Subsequent Disinfection Byproduct Formation: A Comparison of Ion Exchange and Activated Carbon - Tan, Y., Kilduff, J.E., and Karanfil, T. ; 18. Fate and Transport of Wastewater-Derived Disinfection By-Products in Surface Waters - Chen, B., Westerhoff, P., and Krasner, S. ; 19. Organic Nitrogen Occurrence and Characterization - Dotson, A., Westerhoff, P., and Chen B. ; 20. Analysis of N-nitrosamines Formed in Various Source Waters Treated with Eleven Disinfection Processes - Zhao, Y.-Y., Boyd, J., Woodbeck, M., Andrews, R., Hrudey, S., and Li, X.-F. ; 21. Formation of Nitrosamines in Effluent-Impacted Drinking Waters - Krasner, S.W., Sclimenti, M.J., Lee, F.C.T., and Schramm, J. ; 22. Free Radical Chemistry of Advanced Oxidation Process Removal of Nitrosamines in Water - Mezyk, S.P., Landsman, N.A., Swanctt, K.L., Bradford, C.N., Cox, C.R., Kiddle, J.J., and Clore, T.J. ; 23. Biotic and Abiotic Degradation of Halogenated Disinfection Byproduct - Hozalski, R.M., Arnold, W.A., LaPara, T.M., Chun, C., Lee, J.-Y., Pearson, C.R., Zhang, L., and Zhang, P.
