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Full Description
The purpose of this book is to present the latest knowledge regarding the environmental chemistry and fate of explosive and propellant compounds. This book is largely based on a symposium organized for the 22-25 March 2009 American Chemical Society meetings entitled, "Environmental Distribution, Degradation, and Mobility of Explosive and Propellant Compounds", held in Salt Lake City, UT. The purpose of this symposium was to bring together an international body of
government and academic experts to share information regarding the environmental fate of these contaminants, with an emphasis on assessing and/or supporting the environmental sustainability of military training activities. This book is designed to address three main topics with respect to explosive and
propellant compounds: (i) new and summary chemistry information regarding the sorption, degradation (abiotic and biotic), mobility, and overall environmental fate of these compounds in soil; (ii) techniques for statistically reliable detection and field-deployable remote sensing of munition constituents, and (iii) technologies for targeted remediation of MC-contaminated soils and sediments.
Contents
Preface ; 1. Solid-Phase Considerations for the Environmental Fate of TNT and RDX in Soil ; Mark A. Chappell ; Environmental Assesments ; 2. Environmental Assessment of Small Arms Live Firing: Study of Gaseous and Particulate Residues ; S. Brochu, I. Poulin, D. Faucher, E. Diaz, and M. R. Walsh ; 3. Canadian Approach to the Environmental Characterization and Risk Assessment of Military Training ; S. Brochu, S. Thiboutot, G. Ampleman, E. Diaz, I. Poulin, and R. Martel ; 4. The Use of Conventional and Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy to Evaluate Chemistries for the Detection and/or Remediation of Pechlorate in Aqueous Systems ; P. A. Mosier-Boss ; 5. Assessing Sample Processing and Sampling Uncertainty for Energetic Residues on Military Training Ranges: Method 8330B ; Marianne E. Walsh, Alan D. Hewitt, Thomas F. Jenkins, Charles A. Ramsey, Michael R. Walsh, Susan R. Bigl, Charles M. Collins, and Mark A. Chappell ; 6. Energetic Residue Observations for Operational Ranges ; J. L. Clausen ; Properties, Reactions, and Environmental Fate ; 7. Dissolution of High Explosives on Range Soils ; Susan Taylor, James H. Lever, Jennifer Fadden, Susan R. Bigl, Nancy M. Perron, Kathleen F. Jones, and Bonnie Packer ; 8. Photolysis of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene in Seawater: Effect of Salinity and Nitrate Concentration ; Daniel W. O'Sullivan, Jeffrey R. Denzel, and Dianne J. Luning Prak ; 9. 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Mineralization and Incorporation by Natural Bacterial Assemblages in Coastal Ecosystems ; Michael T. Montgomery, Thomas J. Boyd, Joseph P. Smith, Shelby E. Walker, and Christopher L. Osburn ; 10. TNT, RDX, and HMX Association with Organic Fractions of Marine Sediments and Bioavailability Implications ; Judith C. Pennington, Guilherme Lotufo, Charolett A. Hayes, Beth Porter, and Robert D. George ; 11. The Fate of Nitroaromatic (TNT) and Nitramine (RDX and HMX) Explosive Residues in the Presence of Pure Metal Oxides ; Thomas A. Douglas, Marianne E. Walsh, Christian J. McGrath, Charles A. Weiss, Jr., Ashley Marie Jaramillo, and Thomas P. Trainor ; 12. Soil Vadose Zone Chemistry of TNT and RDX Under Water-Saturated Conditions ; Mark A. Chappell, Cynthia L. Price, Gerald G. Bourne, Brad A. Pettway, and Beth E. Porter ; 13. Transport of RDX and TNT from Composition-B Explosive During Simulated Rainfall ; Richard A. Price, Michelle Bourne, Cynthia L. Price, Jay Lindsay, and Jim Cole ; 14. The Contaminant Transport, Transformation, and Fate Sub-Model for Predicting the Site-Specific Behavior of Distributed Sources (Munitions Constituents) on U.S. Army Training and Testing Ranges ; Zhonglong Zhang and Billy E. Johnson ; 15. Fate and Transport of Energetics from Surface Soils to Groundwater ; J. L. Clausen and Nic Korte ; 16. Release Rate and Transport of Munitions Constituents from Breached Shells in Marine Environment ; Pei-Fang Wang, Qian Liao, Robert George, and William Wild ; Remediation Options and Technologies ; 17. Degradation Products of TNT after Fenton Oxidation in the Presence of Cyclodextrins ; Curt W. Jarand, Kan Chen, Boguslaw Pozniak, Richard B. Cole, Duc-Truc Pham, Stephen F. Lincoln, and Matthew A. Tarr ; 18. Potential Anaerobic Bioremediation of Perchlorate-Contaminated Soils through Biosolids Applications ; Cynthia L. Price, Mark A. Chappell, Brad A. Pettway, and Beth E. Porter ; 19. Effects of Wildfire and Prescribed Burning on Distributed Particles of Composition-B Explosive on Training Ranges ; Richard A. Price and Michelle Bourne ; 20. Remediation of Surface Soils Contaminated with Energetic Materials by Thermal Processes ; Isabelle Poulin ; 21. Residual Dinitrotoluenes from Open Burning of Gun Propellant ; Emmanuela Diaz, Sylvie Brochu, Isabelle Poulin, Dominic Faucher, Andre Marois, and Annie Gagnon ; Editors' Biographies ; Indexes ; Author Index ; Subject Index
