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For twenty years, the renowned philosopher of science Sandra Harding has argued that science and technology studies, postcolonial studies, and feminist critique must inform one another. In The Postcolonial Science and Technology Studies Reader, Harding puts those fields in critical conversation, assembling the anthology that she has long wanted for classroom use. In classic and recent essays, international scholars from a range of disciplines think through a broad array of science and technology philosophies and practices. The contributors reevaluate conventional accounts of the West's scientific and technological projects in the past and present, rethink the strengths and limitations of non-Western societies' knowledge traditions, and assess the legacies of colonialism and imperialism. The collection concludes with forward-looking essays, which explore strategies for cultivating new visions of a multicultural, democratic world of sciences and for turning those visions into realities. Feminist science and technology concerns run throughout the reader and are the focus of several essays. Harding provides helpful background for each essay in her introductions to the reader's four sections. Contributors
Helen Appleton
Karen BÄckstrand
Lucille H. Brockway
Stephen B. Brush
Judith Carney
Committee on Women, Population, and the Environment
Arturo Escobar
Maria E. Fernandez
Ward H. Goodenough
Susantha Goonatilake
Sandra Harding
Steven J. Harris
Betsy Hartmann
Cori Hayden
Catherine L. M. Hill
John M. Hobson
Peter MÜhlhÄusler
Catherine A. Odora Hoppers
Consuelo Quiroz
Jenny Reardon
Ella Reitsma
Ziauddin Sardar
Daniel Sarewitz
Londa Schiebinger
Catherine V. Scott
Colin Scott
Mary Terrall
D. Michael Warren
Contents
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xv
Introduction. Beyond Postcolonial Theory: Two Undertheorized Perspectives on Science and Technology 1
I. Counterhistories 33
1. Discovering the Oriental West / John M. Hobson 39
2. Long-Distance Corporations, Big Sciences, and the Geography of Knowledge / Steven J. Harris 61
3. Heroic Narratives of Quest and Discovery / Mary Terrall 84
4. Maria Sibylla Merian: A Woman of Art and Science / Ella Reitsma 103
5. Prospecting for Drugs: European Naturalists in the West Indies / Londa Schiebinger 110
6. Science and Colonial Expansion: The Role of the British Royal Botanical Gardens / Lucille H. Brockway 127
7. Out of Africa: Colonial Rice History in the Black Atlantic / Judith Carney 140
II. Other Cultures' Sciences 151
8. Navigation in the Western Carolines: A Traditional Science / Ward H. Goodenough 159
9. Science for the West, Myth for the Rest? / Colin Scott 175
10. Ecolinguistics, Linguistic Diversity, Ecological Diversity / Peter Mühlhäusler 198
11. Gender and Indigenous Knowledge / Helen Appleton, Maria E. Fernandez, Catherine L. M. Hill, and Consuelo Quiroz 211
12. Whose Knowledge, Whose Genes, Whose Rights? / Stephen B. Brush 225
13. The Role of the Global Network of Indigenous Knowledge Resource Centers in the Conservation of Cultural and Biological Diversity / D. Michael Warren 247
III. Residues and Reinventions
14. Development and the Anthropology of Modernity / Arturo Escobar 269
15. Tradition and Gender in Modernization Theory / Catherine V. Scott 290
16. Security and Survival: Why Do Poor People Have Many Children? / Betsy Hartmann 310
17. Call for a New Approach / Committee on Women, Population, and the Environment 318
18. The Human Genome Diversity Project: What Went Wrong? / Jenny Reardon 321
19. Bioprospecting's Representational Dilemma / Cori Hayden 343
IV. Moving Forward: Possible Pathways 365
20. Islamic Science: The Contemporary Debate / Ziauddin Sardar 383
21. Mining Civilizational Knowledge / Susantha Goonatilake 380
22. Toward the Integration of Knowledge Systems: Challenges to Thought and Practice / Catherine A. Odora Hoppers 388
23. Human Well-Being and Federal Science: What's the Connection? / Daniel Sarewitz 403
24. Science in a Era of Globalization: Alternative Pathways / David J. Hess 419
25. Civic Science for Sustainability: Reframing the Role of Experts, Policymakers, and Citizens in Environmental Governance / Karen Bäckstrand 439
Copyright Acknowledgments 459
Index 463