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Reflecting new thinking about conservation in Southeast Asia, Beyond the Sacred Forest is the product of a unique, decade-long, interdisciplinary collaboration involving research in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Scholars from these countries and the United States rethink the translation of environmental concepts between East and West, particularly ideas of nature and culture; the meaning of conservation; and the ways that conservation policy is applied and transformed in the everyday landscapes of Southeast Asia. The contributors focus more on folk, community, and vernacular conservation discourses than on those of formal institutions and the state. They reject the notion that conservation only takes place in bounded, static, otherworldly spaces such as protected areas or sacred forests. Thick with ethnographic detail, their essays move beyond the forest to agriculture and other land uses, leave behind orthodox notions of the sacred, discard outdated ideas of environmental harmony and stasis, and reject views of the environment that seek to avoid or escape politics. Natural-resource managers and policymakers who work with this more complicated vision of nature and culture are likely to enjoy more enduring success than those who simply seek to remove the influence and impact of humans from conserved landscapes. As many of the essays suggest, this requires the ability to manage contradictions, to relinquish orthodox ideas of what conservation looks like, and to practice continuously adaptive management techniques. Contributors. Upik Djalins, Amity A. Doolittle, Michael R. Dove, Levita Duhaylungsod, Emily E. Harwell, Jeyamalar Kathirithamby-Wells, Lye Tuck-Po, Percy E. Sajise, Endah Sulistyawati, Yunita T. Winarto
Contents
About the Series vii
Acknowledgments ix
Preface xi
Introduction: Changing Ways of Thinking about the Relations between Society and Environment / Michael R. Dove, Percy E. Sajise, and Amity A. Doolittle 1
Section I. The Boundary Between Natural and Social Reproduction
1. The Wild and the Tame in Protected Areas Management in Peninsular Malaysia / Lye Tuck-Po 37
2. The Implications of Plantation Agriculture for Biodiversity in Peninsular Malaysia: A Historical Analysis / Jeyamalar Kathirithamby-Wells 62
3. Rubber Kills the Land and Saves the Community: An Undisciplined Commodity / Michael R. Dove 91
Section II. Community Rights Discourses through Time
4. Adat Argument and Discursive Power: Land Tenure Struggles in Krui, Indonesia / Upik Djalins 123
5. Redefining Native Customary Law: Struggles over Property Rights between Native Peoples and Colonial Rulers in Sabah, Malaysia, 1950-1996 / Amity A. Doolittle 151
6. The Social Life of Boundaries: Competing Territorial Claims and Conservation Planning in the Danau Sentarum Wildlife Reserve, West Kalimantan, Indonesia / Emily E. Harwell 180
7. Interpreting "Indigenous Peoples and Sustainable Resource Use": The Case of the T'Boli in the Southern Philippines / Levita Duhaylungsod 216
Section III. Reconstructing and Representing Indigenous Environmental Knowledge
8. The Historical Demography of Resource Use in a Swidden Community in West Kalimantan / Endah Sulistyawati 239
9. The Ecological Implications of Central versus Local Governance: The Contest over Integrated Pest Management in Indonesia / Yunita T. Winarto 276
Bibliography 303
Contributors 351
Index 355
