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Throughout the history of Christianity, Mary has been a beacon of hope to many who look to her. While Christians have always prayed to Mary, they have also sung to her in times of joy and sorrow. Sing of Mary analyzes Marian hymnody throughout Christianity—and particularly in the Roman Catholic Church in the United States from 1854 to today—focusing not only on the texts and music but also on the contexts out of which these hymns came. By using a holistic methodology—drawing from anthropology, history, liturgy, musicology, psychology, sociology, and theology—this study takes an interdisciplinary approach toward studying Marian theology and devotion through the lens of hymnody.
This volume, accessible to both laypeople and academics, provides readers with a clear and full understanding of Marian hymnody by looking at many examples throughout the history of Christianity up through the present, thus shedding light on the history of Marian devotion and theology. The work concludes by providing hope for the future of Marian congregational song, particularly by exploring how the Magnificat can help Marian congregational song be meaningful to a wide range of Christians.
Contents
Contents
List of Figures xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Preface. O Higher Than the Cherubim, More Glorious Than the Seraphim xix
Introduction and Statement of the Problem xx
Definitions xxii
Significance of the Problem xxv
Method of Investigation xxxiii
Sources of the Study and Limitations xxxv
Marian Theology and Devotion through the Lens of Congregational Song, Past and Present xxxv
Chapter One. We Fly to Your Patronage, O Holy Mother of God 1
Introduction 1
Devotion to Mary before the Council of Ephesus 2
Mary in the Bible and Apocryphal Literature 2
Beginnings of a Theology of Mary 6
Early Prayers and Devotions to Mary 9
The Council of Ephesus up to the Millennium 14
Mary as Theotokos 14
The Four Marian Feasts and Other Marian Liturgical Developments 18
Early Marian Hymnody 25
Chapter Two. The Face That Most Resembles Christ 35
Introduction 35
Medieval Marian Devotions, Music, and Liturgy from the Millennium up to Trent 36
Shifts in Devotion to Christ and Mary 36
Medieval Devotion, Hymns, and Prayers to Mary 47
Mary in Medieval Liturgy 78
Chapter Three. Through Mary to Jesus 85
Introduction 85
The Reformation, the Council of Trent, and Beyond 86
Mary, the Reformers, and the Council of Trent (1545-1563) 86
Marian Devotions and Feasts 92
Early Marian Devotion in the United States 98
Chapter Four. No Grace Comes to Us except through Mary 103
Introduction 103
Mary's Immaculate Conception 104
A Brief History of the Doctrine of the Immaculate Conception 104
Ubi Primum and Ineffabilis Deus 109
Ineffabilis Deus Reflected in Marian Congregational Song 113
Marian Apparitions 126
The Proliferation of Marian Apparitions during the Marian Age 126
The Effect of Marian Apparitions on Devotions 129
Marian Apparitions Reflected in Marian Congregational Song 131
Worldwide Catholic Developments 137
Papal Encyclicals, Pronouncements, and Marian Devotion 139
Liturgical and Devotional Developments 147
Papal Piety and Devotional Developments Reflected in Marian Congregational Song 151
Chapter Five. So We Take Thee for Our Mother 167
Introduction 167
Catholic Developments in the United States 168
Spirituality in the United States 168
Factors in the United States Reflected in Marian Congregational Song 173
The Liturgical Movement and Its Effect 183
Musical Developments 187
Musical Movements and Documents 187
The Effect of Musical Movements and Documents in the United States 189
Marian Congregational Song as Influenced by Musical Movements and Documents 191
Chapter Six. The Madonna Is Not Pleased When She Is Put above Her Son 195
Introduction 195
Vatican II and Mary 196
The Context of Vatican II 196
The Battle Over Mary 199
Chapter 8 of Lumen Gentium 209
Chapter Seven. Whatever Happened to Mary? 211
Introduction 211
Worldwide Catholic Developments 212
Papal Encyclicals, Pronouncements, and Marian Devotion 212
Marian Apparitions 222
Mary in the Liturgy 225
Catholic Developments in the United States 227
Post-Vatican II Shifts in Religious Worldview 229
The Influence of the Feminist Movement 236
The Piety Void 239
Musical Developments 244
Musical and Liturgical Documents 244
The Effect of Official Documents on Hymnals 247
Post-Vatican II Marian Congregational Song 249
Chapter Eight. "Come, Join in Mary's Prophet-Song" 261
Introduction 261
"The Maiden Mary, Not So Mild" 263
"Sing We a Song of High Revolt" 269
"And the World Is about to Turn!" 274
Bibliography 289
General Index 306
Index of Hymn Authors, Composers, Texts, Tunes, and Hymnals 320
