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基本説明
Traces the historical evolution of the Kosovo Albanians' struggle, from peaceful demonstrations to the KLA backlash, covering the 1980s to the present day.
Full Description
The world woke up to the conflict between Serbs and Kosovo Albanians too late - when Kosovo erupted into full-scale war in the spring of 1999. But many Balkans watchers were surprised war in Kosovo did not happen sooner. In Civil Resistance in Kosovo, Howard Clark argues that war had been avoided previously because of the self-restraint exercised by the Kosovo Albanians and their policy of nonviolence. Prior to the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA)'s taking up of arms, Kosovo Albanians had had a long history of civil resistance in the face of Serbian ultra-nationalism. They were committed to a strategy of nonviolent resistance even as they were harassed by Serbian police, vilified in racial terms, and excluded from jobs, education and government benefits. Excluded from the 1995 Dayton Agreement, Kosovo became a breeding ground for frustration and ethnic strife, ultimately leading to war and the NATO bombings.The author traces the historical evolution of the Kosovo Albanians' struggle, from peaceful demonstrations to the KLA backlash, covering the 1980s to the present day. In assessing the achievements and limitations of nonviolence, Clark explains why the policy was ultimately abandoned and how it could have been made more effective. Importantly, this book draws on the lessons of Kosovo to provide suggestions for future peace-building.
Contents
IntroductionNotes on terms, pronunciation, glossary and acronymsBackgroundMapChapter 1: Serbia - When a dam breaks1. The demographic battlefield2. After the fall of Rankovic3. The rising swell of nationalism4. Milosevic mobilises5. Lazar's curse: 'Whoever does not fight at Kosovo'Chapter 2: Albanians in Kosovo1. The Ottoman Empire2. The First World War and the First Yugoslavia3. The Second World War4. A resistant culture5. Tito's Yugoslavia6.. Concessions but no republic7. 1981 and afterwards8. An afterword on Communism in Kosovo Chapter 3: The turn to nonviolence1. Miners defend autonomy2. The Party crumbles3. Organisation and pluralism4. The Campaign to Reconcile Blood Feuds5. Military realism6. Nonviolence in Kosovo Albanian identityChapter 4: Two sovereignties1. A Serbian recipe for Albanian 'separatism'2. Wholesale dismissals3. Police and paramilitary4. The contest for legitimacy5. The electoral boycott6. International support7. Independence: a non-negotiable goal?Chapter 5: Parallel structures1. Schools in struggle2. Open but illegal3. The University of Prishtina4. Funding education5. The lesson taught6. Medical care7. The media8. Arts and sport9. Economic survival10. Politics 'as if'11. A state-in-embryoChapter 6: Pointers to an alternative 1. A strategy of empowerment2. Altering Serbian will3. New impulses: women4. New impulses: youth5. The Dayton effect6. Contacts with Serb oppositionists7. The student movement of 1997--98Chapter 7: When the World Takes Notice1. Diplomacy: The failure of prevention2. Options for negotiation3. A civil society approach 4. The crisis erupts 5. OSCE - too little, too late6. Nato bombs for credibilityChapter 8: Reflections on civil resistance1. The balance sheet on nonviolence in Kosovo2. Power and will3. Victim behaviour3. Leader syndromes4. Goals and processes5. Civil resistance and conflict resolution 6. Early warning, civil resistance and small nationsPostscript: Pristina, October 1999NotesSelect bibliographyIndex
