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How did print spread through France to become a major force during the eighteenth century? This question has remained unanswered because we know surprisingly little about the infrastructure of the book trade. Between state and market: printing and bookselling in eighteenth-century France explores the networks of printers and booksellers that covered eighteenth-century France, situating these key cultural intermediaries within their political and socio-economic environments.
To draw an overview of printing and bookselling, and to chart their evolution across the century, the author analyzes a series of administrative surveys conducted between 1700 and 1777 by the Direction de la librairie. The hundreds of reports the central administration gathered on every printing shop and bookseller in the kingdom reveal not only where book professionals could be found and who they were, but what materials they were printing and what books they were selling.
Survey responses also show that book policing was deficient in most of the provinces, allowing pirated and forbidden books to pour into the kingdom from nearby foreign presses. Unable to control the circulation of books, the administration resorted to an austere Colbertist policy to restrict the number of printing shops. State intervention brought a decline in provincial book publishing, but printers could still thrive on job printing, local-interest publications and pirating. By contrast, the central administration let booksellers of all kinds proliferate, particularly in the second half of the century. Better suited than traditional printer-booksellers to supply whatever books readers wanted, retail booksellers cashed in on a booming market demand.
Examining the booktrade from each provincial city upwards, the author tracks the intricate web of relations between state, market, local institutions and book professionals that shaped the diffusion of print, and thereby the development of French literature and the experience of everyday readers.
Contents
List of tables
List of figures
List of illustrations
List of maps
Acknowledgements
List of abbreviations
Foreword by Robert Darnton
Introduction
1. Surveying the book trade
2. Policing the book trade: the system and its failures
3. Local administration: corporate bodies, urban institutions and state agents
4. The concentration of printing
5. Booksellers: the rise of the bookstore
6. Print markets
Conclusion
Appendix 1: Surveys of the book trade (1700-1784)
Appendix 2: Acquits à caution
Appendix 3: Verification and modifications to the 1764 survey results
Appendix 4: Core group
Bibliography
Index
