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The German Empire of 1871, although unified politically, remained deeply divided along religious lines. In German Nationalism and Religious Conflict, Helmut Walser Smith offers the first social, cultural, and political history of this division. He argues that Protestants and Catholics lived in different worlds, separated by an "invisible boundary" of culture, defined as a community of meaning. As these worlds came into contact, they also came into conflict. Smith explores the local as well as the national dimensions of this conflict, illuminating for the first time the history of the Protestant League as well as the dilemmas involved in Catholic integration into a national culture defined primarily by Protestantism. The author places religious conflict within the wider context of nation-building and nationalism. The ongoing conflict, conditioned by a long history of mutual intolerance, was an integral part of the jagged and complex process by which Germany became a modern, secular, increasingly integrated nation. Consequently, religious conflict also influenced the construction of German national identity and the expression of German nationalism.
Smith contends that in this religiously divided society, German nationalism did not simply smooth over tensions between two religious groups, but rather provided them with a new vocabulary for articulating their differences. Nationalism, therefore, served as much to divide as to unite German society. Originally published in 1995. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Contents
List of Figures and TablesAcknowledgmentsNotes on Usage and TranslationIntroduction51The Kulturkampf and German National Identity19Protestantism and Kultur: Constructing a National Canon20Force, Freedom, and Cultural Disunity: The Role of the State37The Kulturkampf and the Catholic Community422Visions of the Nation: The Ideology of Religious Conflict50The Ideology of the Protestant League51Catholics, the Nation, and the Roots of Antagonism613Religious Conflict and Social Life79"The Invisible Boundary"80Secularization85Confessional Integration and Confessional Conflict94The Social Bases of Confessional Conflict1024The Politics of Nationalism and Religious Conflict, 1897-1906117Sammlungspolitik, Salutations, and the Jesuit Law: Symbolic Politics118The Underground Politics of the Protestant League127The Reaction of the Catholic Center1385The Politics of Nationalism and Religious Conflict, 1907-14141German Nationalism and the Catholic Center in the Bulow Bloc142The Organization of the Nation: Religious Conflict inside the Nationalist Pressure Groups146The Collapse of the Bulow Bloc and the Eclipse of Integral Nationalist Politics1546Protestants, Catholics, and Poles: Religious and Nationality Conflicts in the Empire's Ethnically Mixed Areas, 1897-1914169The Geography of National and Religious Conflict in the Ethnic Borderlands of the Prussian East170German Protestants and Catholic Poles173The Protestant League and the Limits of Protestant Organization in the Ethnic Borderlands178German Catholics and Polish Catholics: The Making of an Antagonism185The Catholic Center and the Nationality Conflict1917Los von Rom: Religious Conflict and the Quest for a Spiritual Pan-Germany206The Allure of Nationalism: The Appeal of Los von Rom211Throne, Altar, and National Religion219Pan-German Politics and the Demise of Los von Rom225Conclusion233Sources241Index267
