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Taxation in Colonial America examines life in the thirteen original American colonies through the revealing lens of the taxes levied on and by the colonists. Spanning the turbulent years from the founding of the Jamestown settlement to the outbreak of the American Revolution, Alvin Rabushka provides the definitive history of taxation in the colonial era, and sets it against the backdrop of enormous economic, political, and social upheaval in the colonies and Europe. Rabushka shows how the colonists strove to minimize, avoid, and evade British and local taxation, and how they used tax incentives to foster settlement. He describes the systems of public finance they created to reduce taxation, and reveals how they gained control over taxes through elected representatives in colonial legislatures. Rabushka takes a comprehensive look at the external taxes imposed on the colonists by Britain, the Netherlands, and Sweden, as well as internal direct taxes like poll and income taxes. He examines indirect taxes like duties and tonnage fees, as well as county and town taxes, church and education taxes, bounties, and other charges.
He links the types and amounts of taxes with the means of payment--be it gold coins, agricultural commodities, wampum, or furs--and he compares tax systems and burdens among the colonies and with Britain. This book brings the colonial period to life in all its rich complexity, and shows how colonial attitudes toward taxation offer a unique window into the causes of the revolution.
Contents
List of Illustrations xi Preface and Acknowledgments xvii Introduction 1 Part One: Founding the American Colonies 19 Chapter 1: The First Wave 23 Chapter 2: The Middle Wave 42 Chapter 3: The Th ird Wave 56 Appendix: List of Tax Incentives in Founding and Settlement of the American Colonies 64 Part Two: Turmoil in England--Growth in the Colonies, 1607-1688 65 Chapter 4: Constitutional Government and Politics in En gland, 1607-1688 71 Chapter 5: Imperial Governance: Constitutional and Commercial Policy, 1607-1688 92 Chapter 6: The Colonial Constitution, 1607-1688 118 Chapter 7: Taxation of the New En gland Colonies, 1620-1688 144 Chapter 8: Taxation of the Middle Colonies, 1624-1688 199 Chapter 9: Taxation of the Southern Plantation Colonies, 1607-1688 228 Appendix: Taxation in the American Colonies, 1688 267 Part Three: War in Europe--Opportunity in the Colonies, 1688-1714 271 Chapter 10 Constitutional Government and Politics in En gland, 1688-1714 275 Chapter 11: Imperial Governance: Constitutional and Commercial Policy, 1688-1714 301 Chapter 12: The Colonial Constitution, 1688-1714 325 Chapter 13: Taxation of the New En gland Colonies, 1688-1714 355 Chapter 14: Taxation of the Middle Colonies, 1688-1714 399 Chapter 15: Taxation of the Southern Plantation Colonies, 1688-1714 416 Appendix: Tax Burdens in the American Colonies, 1714 437 Part Four: Salutary Neglect in the Colonies, 1714-1739 441 Chapter 16: Imperial Governance and the Colonial Constitution, 1714-1739 445 Chapter 17: Taxation of the New En gland Colonies, 1714-1739 454 Chapter 18: Taxation of the Middle Colonies, 1714-1739 490 Chapter 19: Taxation of the Southern Plantation Colonies, 1714-1739 519 Appendix: Taxes in the American Colonies, 1739 556 Part Five: War, Debt, Money, and Taxes: Prelude to Imperial Intervention, 1739-1763 559 Chapter 20: Imperial Governance and the Colonial Constitution, 1739-1763 563 Chapter 21: Taxation of the New En gland Colonies, 1739-1763 575 Chapter 22: Taxation of the Middle Colonies, 1739-1763 624 Chapter 23: Taxation of the Southern Plantation Colonies, 1739-1763 657 Part Six: An American Tax, 1763-1775 713 Chapter 24: British Politics, Imperial Governance, and Colonial Government and Politics, 1763-1775 717 Chapter 25: British Taxation of the American Colonies, 1763-1775 749 Chapter 26: Taxation of the New En gland Colonies, 1763-1775 766 Chapter 27: Taxation of the Middle Colonies, 1763-1775 797 Chapter 28: Taxation of the Southern Plantation Colonies, 1763-1775 826 Conclusion 865 Appendix 871 Bibliography 891 Index 915
