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基本説明
New in paperback. Hardcover was published in 2010. Looking at how Jewish settlements in the early modern period were linked to one another in fascinating ways, Ruderman shows how Jews were communicating with each other and were more aware of their economic, social, and religious connections than ever before.
Full Description
Early Modern Jewry boldly offers a new history of the early modern Jewish experience. From Krakow and Venice to Amsterdam and Smyrna, David Ruderman examines the historical and cultural factors unique to Jewish communities throughout Europe, and how these distinctions played out amidst the rest of society. Looking at how Jewish settlements in the early modern period were linked to one another in fascinating ways, he shows how Jews were communicating with each other and were more aware of their economic, social, and religious connections than ever before.
Ruderman explores five crucial and powerful characteristics uniting Jewish communities: a mobility leading to enhanced contacts between Jews of differing backgrounds, traditions, and languages, as well as between Jews and non-Jews; a heightened sense of communal cohesion throughout all Jewish settlements that revealed the rising power of lay oligarchies; a knowledge explosion brought about by the printing press, the growing interest in Jewish books by Christian readers, an expanded curriculum of Jewish learning, and the entrance of Jewish elites into universities; a crisis of rabbinic authority expressed through active messianism, mystical prophecy, radical enthusiasm, and heresy; and the blurring of religious identities, impacting such groups as conversos, Sabbateans, individual converts to Christianity, and Christian Hebraists. In describing an early modern Jewish culture, Early Modern Jewry reconstructs a distinct epoch in history and provides essential background for understanding the modern Jewish experience.
Contents
Maps x Introduction 1 Chapter One?: Jews on the Move 23 The Mobility of Europeans and Other Peoples in the Early Modern Period 24 Jewish Migration to Italy and the Ottoman Empire 26 Jewish Migration to Eastern Europe 29 Converso Migration 34 The Social Consequences of Jewish Mobility 37 Did Jewish Mobility Engender Cultural Productivity? 41 Chapter Two: Comm unal Cohesion 57 Italian Communal Developments 59 Converso Communal Organizations: Leghorn and Amsterdam 65 Jewish Communal Organization in Germanic Lands 74 The Jewish Community under Ottoman Rule 81 Jewish Self-Government in Eastern Europe 86 Some Comparative Observations 93 Chapter Three?: Knowledge Explosion 99 The Printed Book and the Creation of a Connected Jewish Culture 99 Further Consequences of the Printing of Jewish Books 103 Christian Hebraists and Their Judaic Publications 111 The Expansion of Cultural Horizons 120 Jewish Medical Students at the University 125 Chapter Four: Crisis of Rabbinic Authority 133 Locating the Beginnings of a Jewish Crisis in the Seventeenth Century 136 The Sabbatean Turmoil of the Eighteenth Century 140 Sabbateanism and the Birth of "Orthodoxy" in the Eighteenth Century 146 Sabbateanism and the Other Crises of Early Modernity: Some Tentative Conclusions 155 Chapter Five?: Mingled Identities 159 The Ambiguity of Converso Lives 160 Sabbatean Syncretism 163 The Conflicting Loyalties of Christian Hebraists 173 The Mediating Roles of Jewish Converts to Christianity 180 Jewish Christians and Christian Jews 186 Chapter Six: Toward Modernity: Some Final Thoughts 191 When Does the Early Modern Period Begin and When Does It End? 193 Early Haskalah, Early Modernity, and Haskalah Reconsidered 198 Viewing the Modern Era in the Light of the Early Modern 202 Appendix: H istoriographical Re flec tions 207 Jonathan Israel's Interpretation of Early Modern Jewish Culture 207 Jewish Historians on the Early Modern Period 214 Early Modernity in European and World Historiography 220 Acknowledgments 227 Notes 231 Bibliography of Secondary Works 287 Index 319
