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基本説明
Offers the first in-depth examination of Leibniz's deep and complex engagement with the empirical life sciences of his day, in areas as diverse as medicine, physiology, taxonomy, generation theory, and paleontology.
Full Description
Though it did not yet exist as a discrete field of scientific inquiry, biology was at the heart of many of the most important debates in seventeenth-century philosophy. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the work of G. W. Leibniz. In Divine Machines, Justin Smith offers the first in-depth examination of Leibniz's deep and complex engagement with the empirical life sciences of his day, in areas as diverse as medicine, physiology, taxonomy, generation theory, and paleontology. He shows how these wide-ranging pursuits were not only central to Leibniz's philosophical interests, but often provided the insights that led to some of his best-known philosophical doctrines. Presenting the clearest picture yet of the scope of Leibniz's theoretical interest in the life sciences, Divine Machines takes seriously the philosopher's own repeated claims that the world must be understood in fundamentally biological terms. Here Smith reveals a thinker who was immersed in the sciences of life, and looked to the living world for answers to vexing metaphysical problems.
He casts Leibniz's philosophy in an entirely new light, demonstrating how it radically departed from the prevailing models of mechanical philosophy and had an enduring influence on the history and development of the life sciences. Along the way, Smith provides a fascinating glimpse into early modern debates about the nature and origins of organic life, and into how philosophers such as Leibniz engaged with the scientific dilemmas of their era.
Contents
Abbreviations ix Preface xi Introduction 1 Part One: First Things Chapter One: "Que les philosophes medicinassent": Leibniz's Encounter withMedicine and Its Experimental Context 25 Chapter Two: The "Hydraulico-Pneumatico-Pyrotechnical Machine of Quasi-Perpetual Motion": Leibniz on Animal Economy 59 Part Two: From Animal Economyto Subtle Anatomy Chapter Three: Organic Bodies, Part I: Nature and Structure 97 Chapter Four: Organic Bodies, Part II: Context and Legacy 137 Part Three: The Origins of Organic Form Chapter Five:The Divine Preformation of Organic Bodies 165 Chapter Six: Games of Nature, the Emergence of Organic Form, and theProblem of Spontaneity 197 Part Four: Species Chapter Seven: The Nature and Boundaries of Biological Species 235 Appendixes 1.Directions Pertaining to the Institution of Medicine (1671) 275 2.The Animal Machine (1677) 288 3.The Human Body, Like That of Any Animal, Is a Sort of Machine (1680-86) 290 4.On Writing the New Elements of Medicine (1682-83) 297 5.On Botanical Method (1701) 303 Notes 311 Bibliography 357 Index 375
