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基本説明
邦訳：2009年・日経ＢＰ社。
New in paperback. Hardcover was published in 2007. Winner of the 2008 Gold Medal in Finance/Investment/Economics, Independent Publisher. Suggests a new and provocative way in which culture - not exploitation, geography, or resources - explains the wealth, and the poverty, of nations.
Full Description
Why are some parts of the world so rich and others so poor? Why did the Industrial Revolution--and the unprecedented economic growth that came with it--occur in eighteenth-century England, and not at some other time, or in some other place? Why didn't industrialization make the whole world rich--and why did it make large parts of the world even poorer? In A Farewell to Alms, Gregory Clark tackles these profound questions and suggests a new and provocative way in which culture--not exploitation, geography, or resources--explains the wealth, and the poverty, of nations. Countering the prevailing theory that the Industrial Revolution was sparked by the sudden development of stable political, legal, and economic institutions in seventeenth-century Europe, Clark shows that such institutions existed long before industrialization. He argues instead that these institutions gradually led to deep cultural changes by encouraging people to abandon hunter-gatherer instincts-violence, impatience, and economy of effort-and adopt economic habits-hard work, rationality, and education.
The problem, Clark says, is that only societies that have long histories of settlement and security seem to develop the cultural characteristics and effective workforces that enable economic growth. For the many societies that have not enjoyed long periods of stability, industrialization has not been a blessing. Clark also dissects the notion, championed by Jared Diamond in Guns, Germs, and Steel, that natural endowments such as geography account for differences in the wealth of nations. A brilliant and sobering challenge to the idea that poor societies can be economically developed through outside intervention, A Farewell to Alms may change the way global economic history is understood.
Contents
Preface ix Acknowledgments xi Chapter 1: Introduction: The Sixteen-Page Economic History of the World 1 PART I: The Malthusian Trap: Economic Life to 1800 Chapter 2: The Logic of the Malthusian Economy 19 Chapter 3: Living Standards 40 Chapter 4: Fertility 71 Chapter 5: Life Expectancy 91 Chapter 6: Malthus and Darwin: Survival of the Richest 112 Chapter 7: Technological Advance 133 Chapter 8: Institutions and Growth 145 Chapter 9: The Emergence of Modern Man 166 PART II: The Industrial Revolution Chapter 10: Modern Growth: The Wealth of Nations 193 Chapter 11: The Puzzle of the Industrial Revolution 208 Chapter 12: The Industrial Revolution in England 230 Chapter 13: Why England? Why Not China, India, or Japan? 259 Chapter 14: Social Consequences 272 PART III: The Great Divergence Chapter 15: World Growth since 1800 303 Chapter 16: The Proximate Sources of Divergence 328 Chapter 17: Why Isn't the Whole World Developed? 352 Chapter 18: Conclusion: Strange New World 371 Technical Appendix 379 References 383 Index 409 Figure Credits 419
