基本説明
New in paperback. Hardcover was published in 2004. One of Economist's Best Books of 2004. Tracing the roots of America's out-of-control patent system.
Full Description
The United States patent system has become sand rather than lubricant in the wheels of American progress. Such is the premise behind this provocative and timely book by two of the nation's leading experts on patents and economic innovation. Innovation and Its Discontents tells the story of how recent changes in patenting--an institutional process that was created to nurture innovation--have wreaked havoc on innovators, businesses, and economic productivity. Jaffe and Lerner, who have spent the past two decades studying the patent system, show how legal changes initiated in the 1980s converted the system from a stimulator of innovation to a creator of litigation and uncertainty that threatens the innovation process itself. In one telling vignette, Jaffe and Lerner cite a patent litigation campaign brought by a a semi-conductor chip designer that claims control of an entire category of computer memory chips. The firm's claims are based on a modest 15-year old invention, whose scope and influenced were broadened by secretly manipulating an industry-wide cooperative standard-setting body. Such cases are largely the result of two changes in the patent climate, Jaffe and Lerner contend.
First, new laws have made it easier for businesses and inventors to secure patents on products of all kinds, and second, the laws have tilted the table to favor patent holders, no matter how tenuous their claims. After analyzing the economic incentives created by the current policies, Jaffe and Lerner suggest a three-pronged solution for restoring the patent system: create incentives to motivate parties who have information about the novelty of a patent; provide multiple levels of patent review; and replace juries with judges and special masters to preside over certain aspects of infringement cases. Well-argued and engagingly written, Innovation and Its Discontents offers a fresh approach for enhancing both the nation's creativity and its economic growth.
Contents
Preface ix Introduction: They Fixed It, and Now It's Broke 1 CHAPTER 1: Today's Patent System at Work 25 CHAPTER 2: The Dark Side of Patents 56 CHAPTER 3: The Long Debate 78 CHAPTER 4: The Silent Revolution 96 CHAPTER 5: The Slow Starvation 127 CHAPTER 6: The Patent Reform Quagmire 151 CHAPTER 7: Innovation and Its Discontents 170 Notes 209 Index 229
