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基本説明
When fixed costs are substantial, markets provide only products desired by large concentrations of people. Small groups of consumers with less prevalent tastes, such as blacks, Hispanics, people with rare diseases, and people living in remote areas, find less satisfaction in markets.
Full Description
Economists have long counseled reliance on markets rather than on government to decide a wide range of questions, in part because allocation through voting can give rise to a "tyranny of the majority." Markets, by contrast, are believed to make products available to suit any individual, regardless of what others want. But the argument is not generally correct. In markets, you can't always get what you want. This book explores why this is so and its consequences for consumers with atypical preferences.
When fixed costs are substantial, markets provide only products desired by large concentrations of people. As a result, people are better off in their capacity as consumers when more fellow consumers share their product preferences. Small groups of consumers with less prevalent tastes, such as blacks, Hispanics, people with rare diseases, and people living in remote areas, find less satisfaction in markets. In some cases, an actual tyranny of the majority occurs in product markets. A single product can suit one group or another. If one group is larger, the product is targeted to the larger group, making them better off and others worse off.
The book illustrates these phenomena with evidence from a variety of industries such as restaurants, air travel, pharmaceuticals, and the media, including radio broadcasting, newspapers, television, bookstores, libraries, and the Internet.
Contents
Preface Introduction Part I: Theory 1. Markets and the Tyranny of the Majority 2. Are "Lumpy" Markets a Problem? Part II: Empirical Evidence 3. Who Benefits Whom in Practice 4. Who Benefits Whom in the Neighborhood 5. Preference Minorities as Citizens and Consumers Part III: Market Solutions and Their Limits 6. Market Enlargement and Consumer Liberation 7. Fixed Costs, Product Quality, and Market Size 8. Trade and the Tyranny of Alien Majorities 9. Salvation through New Technologies Part IV: Policy Solutions and Their Limits 10. Government Subsidies and Insufficient Demand 11. Books and Liquor: Two Case Studies Conclusion Notes References Index
