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基本説明
Highlights research into megaflooding, the sudden discharge of exceptional volumes of water, responsible for significant alteration of the terrain of Earth and Mars.
Full Description
Megaflooding is the sudden discharge of exceptional volumes of water. Megafloods have significantly altered the terrain of Earth and Mars, and may have acted as triggers for climate change on these planets. Recently, research into megaflooding has made important advances: on Earth, real-time measurements of contemporary floods in Iceland complement research into older and larger terrestrial floods, while on Mars terabytes of data from several spacecraft orbiting that planet are dramatically revising our view of flooding there. Beginning with a historical overview of flood science, the book presents sections on morphology and mechanisms, flood sedimentology, and modelling, each illustrated with examples from Earth and Mars. By juxtaposing terrestrial and Martian research, this volume creates a unique synthesis to further our understanding of these enormous paleoflood events. It is an invaluable reference for researchers and students of hydrology, geomorphology, sedimentology and planetary science, as well as environmental and hydraulic engineers.
Contents
1. Overview of megaflooding: Earth and Mars Victor R. Baker; 2. Channel-scale erosional bedforms in loose granular material and in bedrock Paul A. Carling, Juergen Herget, J. K. Lanz, K. Richardson and Andrea Pacifici; 3. A review of open-channel megaflood depositional landforms on Earth and Mars Paul A. Carling, Timothy Johnsen and Tracy A. Brennand; 4. Jökulhlaups in Iceland: sources, release and drainage Helgi Björnsson; 5. Channelled scabland morphology Victor R. Baker; 6. The morphology and sedimentology of landforms created by subglacial megafloods Mandy J. Munro-Stasiuk, John Shaw, Darren B. Sjogren, Tracy A. Brennand, Timothy G. Fisher, David Sharpe, Philip S. G. Kor, Claire Beaney and Bruce B. Rains; 7. Proglacial megaflooding along the margins of the Laurentide ice sheet Alan E. Kehew, Mark L. Lord, Andrew L. Kozlowski and Timothy G. Fisher; 8. Floods for natural rock-material dams Jim E. O'Connor and Robin A. Beebee; 9. Surface morphology and origin of outflow channels in the Valles Marineris region Neil M. Coleman and Victor R. Baker; 10. Floods from fossae: a review of Amazonian-aged extensional-tectonic megaflood channels on Mars Devon M. Burr, Lionel Wilson and Alistair Bargery; 11. Large basin overflow floods on Mars Rossman P. Irwin III and John A. Grant; 12. Criteria for identifying Jökulhlaups deposits in the sedimentary record Philip M. Marren and Matthias Schuh; 13. Megaflood sedimentary valley fill: Altai mountains, Siberia Paul A. Carling, I. Peter Martini, Juergen Herget, Pavel Borodavko and Sergei Parnachov; 14. Modelling of subaerial Jökulhlaups in Iceland Snorri Páll Kjaran, Sigurður Lárus Hólm, Eric M. Myer and Tómas Jóhannesson; 15. Jökulhlaups from Kverkfjöll volcano, Iceland: modelling transient hydraulic phenomena Jonathan L. Carrivick; 16. Dynamics of fluid flow in Martian outflow channels Lionel Wilson, Alistair S. Bargery and Devon M. Burr; Index.
