Full Description
Do the World Trade Organization's rules on 'green box' farm subsidies allow both rich and poor countries to achieve important goals such as food security, or do they worsen poverty, distort trade and harm the environment? Current WTO requirements set no ceiling on the amount of green box subsidies that governments can provide, on the basis that these payments cause only minimal trade distortion. Governments are thus increasingly shifting their subsidy spending into this category, as they come under pressure to reduce subsidies that are more directly linked to production. However, growing evidence nonetheless suggests that green box payments can affect production and trade, harm farmers in developing countries and cause environmental damage. By bringing together new research and critical thinking, this book examines the relationship between green box subsidies and the achievement of sustainable development goals, and explores options for future reform.
Contents
1. Overview Christophe Bellmann and Jonathan Hepburn; Part I. The Recent Evolution of Agricultural Trade Policy Reform: 2. The historical context of the green box Néstor Stancanelli; 3. Doha Round negotiations on the green box, and beyond Jonathan Hepburn and Christophe Bellmann; 4. The reform of the EU's Common Agricultural Policy Alan Swinbank; 5. Farm policy reform in the US: past progress and future direction David Orden; 6. Agricultural trade policy reform in Japan Masayoshi Honma; Part II. The Focus, Extent and Economic Impact of Green Box Subsidies: 7. Agricultural support in the green box: an analysis of EU, US and Japanese green box spending Jesús Antón; 8. Green box subsidies and trade-distorting support: is there a cumulative impact? Carlos Galperín and Ivana Doporto Miguez; 9. The distributional structure of green box subsidies in the European Union and France Vincent Chatellier; 10. The distributional structure of US green box subsidies Harry de Gorter; Part III. Green Box Subsidies and Developing Countries: 11. Agricultural subsidies in the WTO green box: opportunities and challenges for developing countries André Nassar, Maria Elba Rodriguez-Alcalá and Cinthia C. Costa; 12. Use of green box measures by developing countries: an assessment Biswajit Dhar; 13. A Chinese perspective on the green box Jianmin Xie; 14. African countries and the green box Abena Oduro; Part IV. Green Box Subsidies and the Environment: 15. The environmental impact of green box subsidies: exploring the linkages Ron Steenblik and Charles Tsai; 16. The environmental impact of European Union green box subsidies Ariel Brunner and Harry Huyton; 17. The environmental impact of US green box subsidies Jane Earley; 18. Biofuels subsidies and the green box Tim Josling, Freeman Spogli and David Blandford; Part V. Looking Forward: How Can Change Take Place?: 19. Improving monitoring and surveillance of green box subsidies Andrea Cerda; 20. Subsidy reform in the EU context: options for achieving change Teresa Cavero; 21. Subsidy reform in the US context: deviating from decoupling Ann Tutwiler; 22. Subsidy reform in Japan: options for achieving change Kazuhito Yamashita; 23. Towards a green box subsidy regime that promotes sustainable development: strategies for achieving change Pedro de Camargo Neto and Renato Henz.
