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COGNITIVE SELF CHANGE "The consensus amongst the leading researchers in the offender treatment area is that the comprehensive and sophisticated clinical methods the authors have derived for offender treatment are unsurpassed. Indeed, they have formed the basis for what is known as the core correctional practices for reducing anti-social behavior."
Paul Gendreau, Professor Emeritus, University of New Brunswick
"Bush and colleagues' phenomenologically based approach to offender rehabilitation is based explicitly on the stories they have collected from prisoners and probationers and is a welcome contribution to an academic literature that too often obfuscates the actual work involved in delivering help to the hardest to reach in the criminal justice system."
Shadd Maruna, Ph.D., Dean of the Rutgers School of Criminal Justice
Cognitive Self Change presents a practical guide to rehabilitation based on understanding the way individual offenders experience themselves and the world around them at the moment they offend. De-incentivizing criminal behavior and replacing it with self-empowered change are the keys to upending the traditionally antagonistic relationship between criminals and those meant to help them change. The authors, with their experience of working with offenders and implementing rehabilitation programs, have drawn together clinical and academic perspectives on the treatment of high-risk offenders, analyzing current approaches to treatment and the problems encountered in their application.
Cognitive Self Change rejects the traditional dichotomy of control versus treatment, devising instead a strategy that integrates both. Focusing on high-risk and "hard-core" offenders, not just those that are "ready to change," they discuss why offenders offend, why they are seldom motivated to change, and why they often fail to engage in treatment. This leads to a strategy of communication that teaches offenders a set of skills they can use to change themselves, and that motivates them to do so.
Contents
Preface ix
Acknowledgements xi
Introduction 1
Understanding Offending Behavior 1
Hard-Core 5
Cognitive Self Change 9
A Human Connection 12
Phenomenology and Self-reports: Some Preliminary Comments about Method 14
Summary of Chapters 16
1 The Idea of Criminal Thinking 25
Ellis, Beck, and Antisocial Schemas 33
Psychopathology or Irresponsibility 39
An Alternative Point of View 44
2 Offenders Speak their Minds 48
Seven Male Offenders 49
Three Young Women 58
Three Violent Mental Health Patients 62
Two Problematic Groups 64
Three British Gang Members 72
Conclusions and Interpretations 75
3 Cognitive-Emotional-Motivational Structure 78
The Idea of Conscious Agency: A Likely Story 79
Will and Volition, Self and Self-interest 82
The Model 85
Basic Outlaw Logic: Learning the Rewards of Criminal Thinking 89
Variations of Criminal Thinking 92
Conclusions and Implications 94
4 Supportive Authority and the Strategy of Choices 97
The Problem of Engagement 97
Conditions of Communication and Engagement 99
Supportive Authority 102
Rethinking Correctional Treatment 109
The Strategy of Choices 109
Final Comments 115
5 Cognitive Self Change 118
Four Basic Steps 121
Collaboration and the Strategy of Choices 139
Brief Notes on Program Delivery: Group Size, Duration and Intensity, Facilitator Qualifications and Training 141
6 Extended Applications of Supportive Authority 145
Why Offenders Need Help 145
Not Either/Or: Some Promising Examples 146
The System as the Intervention: Some Recent Examples 152
Supportive Authority, Revisited 157
An Idealistic Proposal (with modest expectations) 159
7 How We Know: Some Observations about Evidence 162
Introduction 162
Cognitive Self Change 164
The Significance of Subjectivity 165
Science and Subjectivity 169
Bibliography 175
Index 183
