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基本説明
This handy pocket-sized field guide provides practical information and assistance to anyone engaged in small-scale surveys on the ground. Fully revised and updated throughout, the Fourth Edition includes comprehensive updates on the use of GPS and new sections on surface wave seismics, borehole geophysics and towed array systems.
Full Description
This handy pocket-sized field guide provides practical information and assistance to anyone engaged in small-scale surveys on the ground. Fully revised and updated throughout, the Fourth Edition includes comprehensive updates on the use of GPR and GPS and new sections on surface wave seismics and towed array systems. This has become the standard text in this area for use in the field and the experience of the two authors will ensure the book retains its place as one of the most popular handbooks in applied geophysics.
Fully revised and updated to incorporate new developments in the field;
Focus on quality control of the acquisition of data and basic field interpretation;
User-friendly, accessible writing style;
Includes updates on Ground Penetrating Radar and the use of GPS;
New section on surface wave methods.
Additional material available on the companion website at www.wiley.com/go/milsom/geophysics4e
Contents
Preface to the First Edition ix
Preface to the Second Edition x
Preface to the Third Edition xii
Preface to the Fourth Edition xiv
1 Introduction 1
1.1 What Geophysics Measures 1
1.2 Fields 1
1.3 Geophysical Survey Design 9
1.4 Geophysical Fieldwork 14
1.5 Geophysical Data 19
1.6 Bases and Base Networks 29
1.7 Real-Time Profiling 32
2 Gravity Method 39
2.1 Physical Basis of the Gravity Method 39
2.2 Gravity Meters 41
2.3 Gravity Reductions 49
2.4 Gravity Surveys 52
2.5 Field Interpretation 61
3 Magnetic Method 65
3.1 Magnetic Properties 65
3.2 The Magnetic Field of the Earth 67
3.3 Magnetic Instruments 72
3.4 Magnetic Surveys 75
3.5 Simple Magnetic Interpretation 81
4 Radiometric Surveys 85
4.1 Natural Radiation 85
4.2 Radiation Detectors 90
4.3 Radiometric Surveys 92
5 Electric Current Methods: General Considerations 97
5.1 Resistivity and Conductivity 97
5.2 Varying Currents 102
6 Resistivity Methods 109
6.1 DC Survey Fundamentals 109
6.2 DC Practicalities 117
6.3 Resistivity Profiling 122
6.4 Resistivity Depth-Sounding 125
6.5 Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) 128
6.6 Capacitive Coupling 133
7 SP and IP 137
7.1 SP Surveys 137
7.2 Polarisation Fundamentals 140
7.3 Time-Domain IP Surveys 143
7.4 Frequency-Domain Surveys 144
7.5 IP Data 146
8 Electromagnetic Methods 149
8.1 Two-Coil CW Systems 149
8.2 CWEM Conductivity Mapping 158
8.3 Fixed-Source Methods 161
8.4 Transient Electromagnetics 165
9 Remote-Source Electromagnetics 171
9.1 Natural Electromagnetic Radiation 171
9.2 Controlled-Source Audio-Magnetotellurics (CSAMT) 180
10 Ground Penetrating Radar 185
10.1 Radar Fundamentals 185
10.2 GPR Surveys 199
10.3 Data Processing 205
11 Siesmic Methods: General Considerations 211
11.1 Seismic Waves 211
11.2 Seismic Sources 216
11.3 Detection of Seismic Waves 222
11.4 Recording Seismic Signals 226
12 Seismic Reflection 229
12.1 Reflection Theory 229
12.2 Reflection Surveys 233
13 Seismic Refraction 241
13.1 Refraction Surveys 241
13.2 Interpretation 247
13.3 Limitations of the Refraction Method 257
14 Seismic Surface Wave Methods 261
14.1 Surface Wave Surveys 261
14.2 Data Processing 266
14.3 Limitations of the Method 270
15 Maps, Mapping and GPS 273
15.1 Maps and Mapping 273
15.2 Satellite Navigation 276
Appendix: Terrain Corrections for Hammer Zones B to m 281
Index 283
